MSU Grade Module on Mobile using Android OS Essay

The proposed system entitled MSU Grade Module on Mobile using Android OS is a mobile version of the current Grade Module of Mindanao State University. This system enables the instructor to input grades and update INC grades at any location and at any time. Obtaining the Grade Module password is also done using mobile connection. Reasons: * With the convenience of an Android-powered mobile phone, the instructor does not need to physically go to the clerk to request for Grade Module password. * The Grade Module password is sent through email which is more secure than printed Grade Module stub. * The instructor does not need to be in their respective department or in the university to input and/or update grades. * The scarcity of available computers in the university is no longer a concern. * If the instructor is away for seminars, vacations, and other reasons, the instructor no longer needs to request favour from other instructors to input and/or update grades for them, thus the accountability of the grade resides only to the instructor in-charge and lessen bothering other instructors. * With this kind of application, an instructor can become invisible from students who keep following him/her because of various reasons. Possible Problem: * Not all instructors have an Android-powered mobile phone. * Not all instructors maintain an email address, especially those who are not technology-savvy. * Internet connection is not stable for instructors who want to input and/or update grades within the university. * The availability of online modules of the university is not stable.

Communication Is Essential For Business As Well As...

Communication is essential to business as well as interpersonal relationships. The ability to express oneself with coherence and cogency is of the utmost importance to your professional and personal success. Effective communication solves and also prevents problems. Think back to all those times you endured a conflict with a person or institution as a result of poor communication or a complete lack of communication. When people are not sure what others mean, intend or desire, they are inclined to make a mistake or do something to create an uncomfortable conflict with the other party. The communication tips outlined below will help you express your thoughts and feelings in clear terms that leave no room for interpretation. The end result†¦show more content†¦Start at the beginning by introducing the topic so you can properly set the stage for your thoughts, feelings and anything else you desire to communicate. Do not lose sight of the fact that most people live incredibly bus y lives. The typical professional is extremely busy and will require a detailed explanation of the what of the matter before he can properly analyze your opinion, thoughts, feelings etc. So be specific. Do not use general words like â€Å"thing† or â€Å"it† to express yourself. These terms are much too vague. Such overly broad terms will only waste time by confusing the other party and forcing you to rehash your statement with clearer terms. 2. Key in on Which Specificity is of the utmost importance in verbal and written communication. Though the which of the matter might not be of critical importance in each communication, you should ponder whether you are narrowing in on the exact subject you desire to communicate about. Otherwise, you will leave the other party confused. Zero in on specific subjects rather than assuming your audience will understand what you mean. In reality, using phrases like â€Å"the next one† or â€Å"the other one† only makes it that much more difficult for listeners and readers to understand what you really mean. 3. Focus on the Who of the Matter Be crystal clear as to who you are attempting to address, who else is involved in the communication and who you are. Do not use vagueShow MoreRelatedHow Employees Can Work And Progress Relationships With Managers1669 Words   |  7 Pages For business, retaining clients are the main ambition because the profits of the business will continue to grow through the loyalty of customers. Communication skills are one of the essential parts of leading people to work successfully in the relationships with co-workers as well as clients in their commercial enterprises. Therefore, interacting with management, clients and team members in the workplace can help in order to enhance the interest of the business. Training staff to develop effectiveRead MoreStrategies for Effective Managerial Communication and Listening1652 Words   |  7 PagesStrategies for Effective Managerial Communication and Listening Han-Cheng Wang Hawaii Pacific University Dr. Carol Parker MGMT 6910 March 23, 2011 Strategies for effective managerial communication and listening Interpersonal communication plays an important role not only in our personal life but also in business field since interpersonal communication is the procedure that we can receive information and feeling from someone immediately and then to lead us to expressRead More Essential Workplace Skills Essay example1596 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace Essential Skills While working or while looking for work there are certain skills sets that are universally important. No matter what job or career path you have chosen these skills make it easier to obtain your goals, whatever they may be. Workplace essential skills enable people at work to do the tasks required by their occupation, give them the basics to learn all other skills (job and life) and assist them to manage and adapt to the changing workplace environment. TheyRead MoreThe Significant Principles of Management Communications2466 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Paper: The Significant Principles of Management Communications Mia A. Rapier BUS 600: Management Communication with Technology Tools Instructor Cheryl Moore July 27, 2014 It’s been understood that â€Å"communication in business involves a complex set of unwritten rules governing speech, written correspondence and body language that varies in different parts of the world† (Ingram, 2014). Communication is the essential component of business, â€Å"from the entry-level manager to the seasoned ventureRead MoreManagement Skills And Leadership Skills1528 Words   |  7 PagesManagement Skill Builder Introduction Strong management and leadership is very crucial for business success. It helps in driving innovation, unlocking the potential of employees, as well as enabling the manager to drive growth and productivity. It is never fast, and it is not always simple to build up depth and strength in management or leadership capabilities. However, the possible benefits are vivid: increased performance and profitability, improved rates of survival, and better employee wellbeingRead MoreRelationship Between The Senior Management Team Of A Company And The Junior Employees1392 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Interpersonal communication plays a very important role in an organization. It enabled employees from different departments to harmoniously work together towards the achievement of common shared goals. In fact, successful business relationships can only be maintained if employees hold impeccable interpersonal communication skills. In this paper, the focus will be on the business relationship between the senior management team of a company and the junior employees. In mostRead MoreManagement Skills And Leadership Skills1528 Words   |  7 PagesManagement Skill Builder Introduction Strong management and leadership is very crucial for business success. It helps in driving innovation, unlocking the potential of employees, as well as enabling the manager to drive growth and productivity. It is never fast, and it is not always simple to build up depth and strength in management or leadership capabilities. However, the possible benefits are vivid: increased performance and profitability, improved rates of survival, and better employee wellbeingRead MoreWhy Working Partnership With Others Is Important For Children And Young People1351 Words   |  6 Pagesfactors that may create barriers to working well with families, including: Limited resources Heavy caseloads Lack of appropriate local services Time constraints Mistrust from families Limited access to training Family carers may not appreciate how little time you have to dedicate to each individual or family you work with and they may not be aware of the challenges and competing demands you face in your job. Understand the importance of effective communication and information sharing in services forRead MoreThe Importance Of Effective Communication For Different Social Groups And Use Specific Interpersonal Strategy1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition of communication necessarily involves â€Å"an exchange of ideas and an ability to stimulate meaning for the recipient of the message†(Grover, 2005). Effective communication can be influenced by varies components such as gender, hierarchy, trust, self-disclosure, empathy, mutuality and context. This paper will discuss the importance for nurses to use effective communication skills in regards to different social groups and use specific interpersonal strategy. Additionally it identifies howRead MoreInformation And Ideas Is A Method Of Communication1129 Words   |  5 Pages Trading information and ideas is a method of communication. To be a successful and beneficial member of your workplace it is essential that you become skilled in all of the various ways of communication that are appropriate. The reason of communication is to get your message across to others clearly and with certainty. Doing this includes effort from both the one sending the message and the one receiving it. And it s a procedure that can be filled with error, with messages often misunderstood by

Exercise 77 - 766 Words

Amy Emerfoll Human Resources Exercise #70 Dr. Stacy Ball WageSim – A Compensation Administration Exercise Item 1: Mary Wallace, I appreciate your request about wanting to promote Susan Anthony to Senior Assistant. I do understand that she has been a loyal employee for five years and recognize her longevity with the company. Due to the fact that Adobe InDesign is a requirement for promotion purposes we will have to decline the request, but I would like to point out that if Susan is willing to enroll in an Adobe InDesign class we would be more than willing to consider her for a promotion. Thank you for your time, Amy In addition to this email I would also attach some materials on taking classes at the local community†¦show more content†¦Amy Item 9: Sue L. Ross, This is only a temporary job duty transfer and unfortunately according to the handbook policy Julie will not be eligible for a pay raise at that level. We are willing to consider her for a pay raise in her current level. If this is something you would like to pursue please contact me. Amy Item 10: Doris Pope, This is something we would have to look further into. I will have to compare her job duties at home to that at work and with other places. If anything, I would like to recommend that we have her work 1 or 2 days at home to start with to make sure that it would be a good change for her and the company. I will contact you further with more details. Thank you,Show MoreRelatedPhysical Therapy Practices : A New Fad Therapy Or Traditional Land Based Form Of Therapy1399 Words   |  6 Pagesthe minimal chance to acquire injury or further injure the animal. This type of therapy is not only used to strengthen the physical state but as well as the confidence and mood of the patient. Animals that are weak on a certain limb are able to exercise and gain strength without the risk of injury or causing problem of other areas from the unbalanced weight distribution. Pool or deep-water therapy is another option in aquatic therapy methods. A main advantage is â€Å"the patient is almost completelyRead MoreHealth And Fitness Criteria For Cardiovascular Diseases5543 Words   |  23 Pagesestimate and calculate heart rate, mean axis deviation, and rhythms from ECG strip. 2. The student will interpret basic principles of 12-lead ECG, fitness assessments, exercise testing, and exercise prescription techniques. Application 1. The student will be able to determine if doctor approval is needed in order to prescribe an exercise program and determine if medical supervision is needed. 2. The student will learn basic principles of the effects of lifestyle management. Analysis 1. When providedRead MoreStrategic Plan: SWOTT Analysis2129 Words   |  9 Pagesthat will assist customers in creating healthy meal plans, environment free of gym intimidation, and exclusive membership to those with CDL licenses. Destination Fitness ‘s ultimate vision is to change the culture of an industry who’s employee’s are 77 percent overweight and of that 73 percent 55 percent are obese(Brown, 2012). In order to achieve the goals Destination Fitness has set for itself the organization must analyze the internal and external structure of the organization. Destination FitnessRead MorePhysical Education Should Not Be The Most Loved Essay1787 Words   |  8 Pagesconfidence will go up rapidly. Work Cited Azzarito, L., Solmon, M. A., Harrison, L.,Jr. (2006). ...If I had a choice, I would.... A feminist poststructuralist perspective on girls in physical education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77(2), 222-39. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/218547624?accountid=14183 Blitzer, L. (1995). It s a gym class ... what s there to think about?. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation Dance, 66(6), 44. Retrieved fromRead MoreEvery Weekday At Nine A.M., Taxis And Caretakers Deliver945 Words   |  4 Pagesendeavors such as group volleyball, ping pong, drawing and painting, weight-based exercises, and games and puzzles. Scheduled snack breaks and an hour-long lunch period are sprinkled throughout the day to keep the elders energized and healthy. The lunches consist of an entree and multiple side dishes and are surprisingly healthy, appetizing, and filling. As service learners, our primary roles involved leading the elders’ exercise time, encouragement, and socializing with the clients. Physical activitiesRead MoreGeneral Information On The Fitness Industry1651 Words   |  7 PagesBusinesses in most industries, observed that operates health clubs, fitness centers and fitness and a range of fitness and exercise services. Conversely, the recognition and the introduction of education on the importance of a healthy lifestyle. Will avoid the disease is still increasing, according to statistics. With the understanding that the certain knowledge that exercise helps increase energy levels raised in lower medical costs and a trend towards increased longevity. All turned their attentionRead MoreThe Need for Physical Education in Our Culture1279 Words   |  6 Pagesdiabetes† (Portman, 2003, p. 1). By providing physical education in school systems, the amount of physical activity to stay healthy and prevent health disorders is easily accessible for students. It is becoming a challenge for the students to fit exercise into their busy everyday schedules with extracurricular activities after school and the daily throes of life. By requiring physical education classes each year, students will learn the valuable lessons of lifelong fitness and the effect physicalRead MoreThe Social-Emotional, Cognitive and P hysical Benefits of Physical Activity1153 Words   |  5 Pagesproblems is that adults tend to want children to remain still and quiet, particularly in groups, whereas many children prefer more rambunctious activities.† According to The Journal of Pediatrics physical activities of children vary with age, type of exercise, and setting. Physical activity begins in infancy with pushing up, turning, crawling, and eventually walking, and it progresses to more complex activities as neuromuscular control develops. Basic movement patterns develop during preschool ages andRead MoreWhat Factors Affect Florida State Troopers2721 Words   |  11 Pagescertain divided attention exercises to determine the extent of their ability to perform these exercises. It is often times determined by these divided attention exercises that the greater the lack of coordination in performing these exercises, the greater the level of intoxication or simulated intoxication using the lens. These are the findings based on the ability of the participants to complete the divided attention exercises, in a controlled setting. There are three main exercises, two are divided attentionRead MoreThe Effects Of Physical Exercise On Brain Hea lth1572 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Mental Exercise and Physical Exercise on Brain Health Physical exercise does not only promote physical appearance and the body’s health, it also promotes brain health. The brain is a dynamic organ that replaces and repairs neurons throughout life. When people engage in exercise, rarely do they think about the potential affects it has on their brain. People that work out utilize various amounts of motor skills that have been acquired gradually through practice. Those utilized motor

Effects Of Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder On...

EFFECTS OF ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER ON JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN BOYS ADHD is an abbreviation for attention deficit/hyper activity disorder. It is commonly referred to as a psychiatric disorder in need of therapy. The origination of the disease is in the neuro-physiological brain construct, and the main cause of the disorder is considered to be genetic (Wilson, 2012). Many children with ADHD struggle with impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention (Unnever, Cullen, Pratt, 2003). According to McNamara, Vervaeke, and Willoughby (2008), â€Å"attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder among children and adolescents. It affects between 3% and 5% of school age children† (p. 38). In a†¦show more content†¦al., 2008). In the juvenile justice system, an estimated 45% to 75% of inhabitants are diagnosed with some sort of a mental disability (Shelton Pearson, 2005). This staggering statistic goes unnoticed by most of the general population. An estimated 40% of untreated ADHD juveniles will be ar rested by their sixteenth birthday. This is not a statistic to ignore. Many youth with this disorder are finding themselves incarcerated or arrested in early stages of life. There is research to conclude that attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder could lead to higher rates of offending (Unnever et al., 2003). However, the effect that ADHD has on delinquency is not direct. This may lead to some confusion. Being diagnosed with ADHD is not an excuse for offending, but the symptoms and behaviors of a juvenile with this psychiatric disorder could lead to higher rates of offending if the juvenile is not receiving proper therapy and/or treatment. For example, having attention deficit/hyper activity disorder could lead to a hyperactive conduct disorder, a disorder that easily overlaps with ADHD in the Classification of Disorders (Von Polier, Vloet, Herpertz-Dahlmann, 2012). A conduct disorder is a stronger predictor of juvenile delinquency, along with continued crime into adulthood (Byr d, Loeber, Pardini, 2011). A juvenile with ADHD isShow MoreRelatedATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Essay1397 Words   |  6 PagesATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER is a condition that can occur in both children and adults who constantly display inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER is one of many disorders that features problems in two major places; which are the impulse control and ability to focus attention on the different tasks. Children and adults with ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER either have a problem with inattention; meaning a short attention spanRead MoreUnderstanding Juvenile Delinquency in the United States2225 Words   |  9 Pages(USDOJJDP, 2011a). Juvenile delinquency is defined by Webster’s dictionary as â€Å"conduct by a juvenile characterized by antisocial behavior that is beyond parental control and therefore subject to legal action† (â€Å"Juvenile delinquency,† n.d.). A number of jurisdictions have been exerting effort to prevent minor offenders from involvement in the juvenile delinquency system (USDOJJDP, 2011b). Efforts have been made due to the emphasis on detrimental effects of juvenile delinquency and confinement on youthRead MoreSome Facts about Juvenile Delinquency Essay3326 Words   |  14 PagesJohn Doe, who has been recommended from a group home where other juvenile delinquents are living, is an unmanageable thirteen years old boy. In the past weeks, John Doe committed a great variety of delinquent activities: thefts, vandalism, bully, and trying to kill his mother. John Doe ´s mother states that he was manageable when his father, who committed domestic violence against her, was in home. When John Doe was eight years old, his delinquent behavior started by stole a cassette player in anRead More Conduct Disorder Essay examples1908 Words   |  8 PagesConduct Disorder   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As immediately as infancy, children express individual characteristics that can be considered aggressive. The child can be aggressive in the way it cries, the way it plays and the way it attains attention. Parents of children that have a hard time sleeping through the night, trouble accepting affection and/or difficulties with hyperactivity are often so stressed and bothered by these behaviors that they resort to negative reinforcement techniques in their parenting. ExamplesRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency3872 Words   |  16 PagesJuvenile delinquency Juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, or youth crime, is participation in illegal behavior by minors (juveniles) (individuals younger than the statutory age of majority).Most legal systems prescribe specific procedures for dealing with juveniles, such as juvenile detention centers, and courts. A juvenile delinquent is a person who is typically under the age of 18 and commits an act that otherwise would have been charged as a crime if they were an adult. DependingRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency3863 Words   |  16 PagesJuvenile delinquency Juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, or youth crime, is participation in illegal behavior by minors (juveniles) (individuals younger than the statutory age of majority).Most legal systems prescribe specific procedures for dealing with juveniles, such as juvenile detention centers, and courts. A juvenile delinquent is a person who is typically under the age of 18 and commits an act that otherwise would have been charged as a crime if they were an adult. DependingRead MoreThe Effects Of Low Socioeconomic Status On Juvenile Delinquency2399 Words   |  10 Pages Ashley Crutcher Professor William Franks Soc 333 Juvenile Delinquency 18 November 2014 Effects Low Socioeconomic Status Has on Juvenile Delinquency What effects does a low socioeconomic status have on juvenile delinquency? Can these effects be explained by one or more of the four theories studied within the field of Juvenile Delinquency? There are many correlations of a low socioeconomic status within juvenile delinquency. Things such as environmental influences, poverty stricken areas and evenRead MoreThe Correlation Of Mental Health And Substance Use3193 Words   |  13 Pagesillness may self-medicate their symptoms by using drugs. The juvenile justice systems suffer from adolescents with mental health disorders, substance abuse or even both. A difficult challenge to the juvenile justice system and child welfare system is working with adolescents with comorbid difficulties, causing these adolescents to becoming at risk for incarceration and involvement with the juvenile and adult justice system. The juvenile justice system appears to be having a challenging time in determiningRead MoreLabeling Theory3304 Words   |  14 Pagessocietal reaction to primary deviation. Societal reaction theorists claim that the process of defining and suppressing deviance is important to social solidarity. Considerable attention is now being devoted to informal labeling, such as labeling by parents, peers or teachers. Informal labeling has a greater effect on subsequent crime than official labeling. Informal labeling Informal labeling is not simply a function of official labeling. Informal labeling is also influenced by theRead MoreThe Eight Stages Of Psychosocial Development1319 Words   |  6 Pagesalienation and violence. Prenatal exposure to alcohol and postnatal traumatic experiences may also result in lower IQs, serious neuro-developmental deficits in attention span, visual processing, language, motor skills and memory. Other behaviors observed are significant social problems, impulsivity, hyperactivity, inattention and oppositional defiant disorder. Research using self psychology theory suggested that some of the features associated with fetal alcohol exposure jeopardize a child s sense of

Fahrenheit 451 Lit. Notebook Free Essays

Phi Cao Carlin – 1 English IIK 30, January 2013 1. Character: Clarisse Quote: â€Å"I sometimes think drivers don’t know what grass is, or flowers, because they never see them slowly,† she said. â€Å"If you showed a driver a green blur, Oh yes! He’d say, that’s grass! A pink blur! That’s a rose garden! White blurs are houses Brown blurs cows. We will write a custom essay sample on Fahrenheit 451 Lit. Notebook or any similar topic only for you Order Now My uncle drove slowly on a highway once. He drove forty miles an hour and they jailed him for two days. Isn’t that funny and sad too? (1. ) Analysis: As Clarisse and Montag meet for the first time, she asks a series of mysterious questions that no one in the dystopia would ever even think of. The statements and questions display how wise she is and how there are very few people like her in this society that can actually see the enjoyments in life and nature. She attempts to make Montag understand that this world they live in, everything moves so fast, they need to slow down every once in a while and appreciate the simple pleasures in life. Because their society is overtaken by technology they are convinced that it is the only way to make them happy. Quote: â€Å"Are you happy? † (1. 10) By asking a simple question like this, it challenged Montag to think beyond his usual capacity, thinking outside of his normal life. He’s began to have thoughts about his definition of true happiness. He starts to realize he’s not truly happy, that’s why it took him a while to respond to her question. This quote by Clarisse is one of the most important quotes throughout the story. Without this quote, Montag wouldn’t doubt himself about his true happiness. 2. Symbols: Fire Quote: â€Å"We shall this day light such a candle, by God’s grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out. † (1. 40) Analysis: As the old woman whose house was about to be burned due to her love for books, she screams to Montag about â€Å"Master Ridley† and â€Å"playing the man. † As the story continues, Beatty reveals to Montag this quote said by a british man named Latimer. After critically thinking Montag learns that there are things in the world hat are worth living and dying for which no one in this society is willing to do. For the woman it symbolizes unyielding strength, determination and dedication. Quote: The fire was gone, then back again, like a winking eye. He stopped, afraid he might blow the fire out with a single breath. But the fire was there and he approached warily, from a long way off. It took the better part of fifteen minutes b efore he drew very close indeed to it, and then he stood looking at it from cover. That small motion, the white and red color, a strange fire because it meant a different thing to him. It was not burning. It was warming. (3. 145) Analysis: Throughout the whole story Montag saw fire as nothing but destruction and he took pleasure into book burning at the beginning. So now seeing that this flame as a nice warming home for him, it begins to make him question. This small warm-felt fire began to make him see what he’s been so clueless about all along. Burning books wasn’t the solution but the problem. He then reconsiders about what Clarisse said about firemen. What if his job was really to stop burning books and rather than starting them? How to cite Fahrenheit 451 Lit. Notebook, Papers

Do Teenagers Use Internet in a Useful Way free essay sample

The internet has become part of our lives. An estimated 90% of American teenagers use the net. Most of these kids visit websites to get information for their homework. Some others post their profiles on MySpace, visit chatrooms and send e-mails. The growing presence of the internet in the lives of children has led psychiatrists and scientists to consider the effect it is having on them. A prime concern of parents is that the internet affects the social skills of the children. Now there are two ways of looking at this. The internets critics would say that children tend to spend less time in social activities or communicating with family and friends. They are inclined to withdraw into themselves. On the other hand, the internet enables them to make new friends who are situated in distant places, and remain in touch with old friends. It encourages shy people to come out of their shell. We will write a custom essay sample on Do Teenagers Use Internet in a Useful Way or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This would also indirectly equip them to appreciate people around them. Research on these two paradoxical views has shown that the internet did not undermine social and communication skills development. Young people are able to find out more about issues and things that they find too embarrassing to ask their teacher or parents. Many teenagers would rather search the internet for information on sex and sexually transmitted diseases and other health matters. Regarding the internets effects on the childrens psychological development, again various scientific studies have found that depression or low esteem in children cannot be linked to greater internet use. Children using internet regularly were found to have good visual and spatial skills. They had better reading abilities than other children did, but their mathematical abilities did not show any gains. On the other side, the internet allows them to access information privately. Some of these may be good while others may not be healthy for them . Pornographic videos and movies are readily available online to children. They are not mentally prepared to deal with what they see or know. In 2000, the Childrens Internet Protection Act required that all schools and libraries in the U. S block offensive and obscene websites. Posting their profiles can help children meet and be influenced by complete strangers, which is potentially harmful. In a way, the internet is addictive with the user becoming self-engrossed, unconcerned about society at large and unable or reluctant to understand the viewpoints As most technologies are, the internet too is both a blessing and bane. We must guide our children to recognize goodness and evil. Its no use blaming the technology when the source of the evil is within us.

On The Relative Intelligence Of Women A Review Of Two Essays Essays

On The Relative Intelligence Of Women: A Review Of Two Essays During times in which there is increased social concern over the relative equality of men and women in various areas of study, there is a common desire to determine whether there is an appreciable difference in intelligence in relation to gender. Two essays which document various aspects of the relative intelligence of men and women are ?Women and the Mismeasure of Thought? by Judith Genova, and ?The Variability Hypothesis? by Stephanie Shields. Genova seeks to criticize measuring the difference in intelligence between men and women. Genova was unsuccessful with this article in that the questions she raised were not satisfactorily answered, and there was an overall lack of citation. ?The Variability Hypothesis? is an essay detailing the history and arguments against the purported greater variance in male intelligence. Though the argument of Shields' paper is to some extent banal, her criticism of the variability hypothesis is extensive and satisfactory. The introduction of Genova's essay is a criticism of historically accepted measurements of intelligence. In the past using brain size as a measure of intelligence was not altogether unacceptable. When this practice was discredited by the obvious lack of intellectual superiority of whales and elephants, a new physical measure of intelligence was sought. Other body dimensions were given brief consideration as measures of intelligence until the example of Negroes, Australians, and Eskimos denied that theory. Genova argues that prejudice over which groups are socially allowed to be intelligent leads to bad science in determining measures of intelligence. I agree that the highly stereotypical practice of craniometry has no relevance to modern studies of male and female intelligence, though Genova fails to adequately prove the existence of such stereotypes in modern science. Genova cites the example of hemispheric specialization studies as an area of science affected by this same kind of social prejudice. Though traditionally men are seen as analytical (left-brained) while women hold a more holistic mindset (right-brain), studies have indicated that the exact opposite is true. Genova passes off the results of these studies as due to social influences where she has no right. According to Genova, this disparity in traditional views and modern studies can only be explained by intense prejudice on the part of the writers of such studies. On the assumption that this is true, Genova then seeks to hypothesize about such the computer as a trivial tool threatening to belittle the classically analytical intelligence of men, and explains that the newfound holistic intelligence of men is an attempt to avoid that belittlement. Genova explains the newfound analytical characteristic of women as an ?attack? based on ?keeping them out of the world of science and triviali zing their achievements in any field as routine and studied? (Genova 103). I would argue, however, that the modern stereotype of female intelligence would still place them as the more creative and holistic of the two sexes. Genova's comment on computers has no relevance whatsoever to male intelligence. If computers were a threat to male intelligence and a complement to female intelligence, it would make sense that men would be resistant toward the proliferation of computers, yet this is not at all the case. Conversely, computer science is a field dominated by men. Only 7.8% of computer science and computer engineering faculties are women, and a miserable 2.7% of tenured professors are female (Frenkel 38). Genova invalidates her own argument by professing that modern stereotypes about the role of women have led to views of decreased female intelligence. She is applying a stereotype of her own by implying without evidence that modern studies advocating a difference in male and female intellects are conducted and analyzed by men with overpowering prejudices. Genova's next argument addresses the comparison of brain lateralization to general intelligence. Brain lateralization is the term for the amount of specialization in the two hemispheres of the brain. A more lateral individual will have more specialization within each hemisphere (for instance, the left brain will control verbal skills more exclusively), while a less lateral or ?bilateral? individual will have no specific location of certain skills. Genova proposes that in general there is an accepted concept of greater laterality in male brains leading to greater intelligence.