Effects Of Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder On...

EFFECTS OF ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER ON JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN BOYS ADHD is an abbreviation for attention deficit/hyper activity disorder. It is commonly referred to as a psychiatric disorder in need of therapy. The origination of the disease is in the neuro-physiological brain construct, and the main cause of the disorder is considered to be genetic (Wilson, 2012). Many children with ADHD struggle with impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention (Unnever, Cullen, Pratt, 2003). According to McNamara, Vervaeke, and Willoughby (2008), â€Å"attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder among children and adolescents. It affects between 3% and 5% of school age children† (p. 38). In a†¦show more content†¦al., 2008). In the juvenile justice system, an estimated 45% to 75% of inhabitants are diagnosed with some sort of a mental disability (Shelton Pearson, 2005). This staggering statistic goes unnoticed by most of the general population. An estimated 40% of untreated ADHD juveniles will be ar rested by their sixteenth birthday. This is not a statistic to ignore. Many youth with this disorder are finding themselves incarcerated or arrested in early stages of life. There is research to conclude that attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder could lead to higher rates of offending (Unnever et al., 2003). However, the effect that ADHD has on delinquency is not direct. This may lead to some confusion. Being diagnosed with ADHD is not an excuse for offending, but the symptoms and behaviors of a juvenile with this psychiatric disorder could lead to higher rates of offending if the juvenile is not receiving proper therapy and/or treatment. For example, having attention deficit/hyper activity disorder could lead to a hyperactive conduct disorder, a disorder that easily overlaps with ADHD in the Classification of Disorders (Von Polier, Vloet, Herpertz-Dahlmann, 2012). A conduct disorder is a stronger predictor of juvenile delinquency, along with continued crime into adulthood (Byr d, Loeber, Pardini, 2011). A juvenile with ADHD isShow MoreRelatedATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Essay1397 Words   |  6 PagesATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER is a condition that can occur in both children and adults who constantly display inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER is one of many disorders that features problems in two major places; which are the impulse control and ability to focus attention on the different tasks. Children and adults with ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER either have a problem with inattention; meaning a short attention spanRead MoreUnderstanding Juvenile Delinquency in the United States2225 Words   |  9 Pages(USDOJJDP, 2011a). Juvenile delinquency is defined by Webster’s dictionary as â€Å"conduct by a juvenile characterized by antisocial behavior that is beyond parental control and therefore subject to legal action† (â€Å"Juvenile delinquency,† n.d.). A number of jurisdictions have been exerting effort to prevent minor offenders from involvement in the juvenile delinquency system (USDOJJDP, 2011b). Efforts have been made due to the emphasis on detrimental effects of juvenile delinquency and confinement on youthRead MoreSome Facts about Juvenile Delinquency Essay3326 Words   |  14 PagesJohn Doe, who has been recommended from a group home where other juvenile delinquents are living, is an unmanageable thirteen years old boy. In the past weeks, John Doe committed a great variety of delinquent activities: thefts, vandalism, bully, and trying to kill his mother. John Doe ´s mother states that he was manageable when his father, who committed domestic violence against her, was in home. When John Doe was eight years old, his delinquent behavior started by stole a cassette player in anRead More Conduct Disorder Essay examples1908 Words   |  8 PagesConduct Disorder   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As immediately as infancy, children express individual characteristics that can be considered aggressive. The child can be aggressive in the way it cries, the way it plays and the way it attains attention. Parents of children that have a hard time sleeping through the night, trouble accepting affection and/or difficulties with hyperactivity are often so stressed and bothered by these behaviors that they resort to negative reinforcement techniques in their parenting. ExamplesRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency3872 Words   |  16 PagesJuvenile delinquency Juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, or youth crime, is participation in illegal behavior by minors (juveniles) (individuals younger than the statutory age of majority).Most legal systems prescribe specific procedures for dealing with juveniles, such as juvenile detention centers, and courts. A juvenile delinquent is a person who is typically under the age of 18 and commits an act that otherwise would have been charged as a crime if they were an adult. DependingRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency3863 Words   |  16 PagesJuvenile delinquency Juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, or youth crime, is participation in illegal behavior by minors (juveniles) (individuals younger than the statutory age of majority).Most legal systems prescribe specific procedures for dealing with juveniles, such as juvenile detention centers, and courts. A juvenile delinquent is a person who is typically under the age of 18 and commits an act that otherwise would have been charged as a crime if they were an adult. DependingRead MoreThe Effects Of Low Socioeconomic Status On Juvenile Delinquency2399 Words   |  10 Pages Ashley Crutcher Professor William Franks Soc 333 Juvenile Delinquency 18 November 2014 Effects Low Socioeconomic Status Has on Juvenile Delinquency What effects does a low socioeconomic status have on juvenile delinquency? Can these effects be explained by one or more of the four theories studied within the field of Juvenile Delinquency? There are many correlations of a low socioeconomic status within juvenile delinquency. Things such as environmental influences, poverty stricken areas and evenRead MoreThe Correlation Of Mental Health And Substance Use3193 Words   |  13 Pagesillness may self-medicate their symptoms by using drugs. The juvenile justice systems suffer from adolescents with mental health disorders, substance abuse or even both. A difficult challenge to the juvenile justice system and child welfare system is working with adolescents with comorbid difficulties, causing these adolescents to becoming at risk for incarceration and involvement with the juvenile and adult justice system. The juvenile justice system appears to be having a challenging time in determiningRead MoreLabeling Theory3304 Words   |  14 Pagessocietal reaction to primary deviation. Societal reaction theorists claim that the process of defining and suppressing deviance is important to social solidarity. Considerable attention is now being devoted to informal labeling, such as labeling by parents, peers or teachers. Informal labeling has a greater effect on subsequent crime than official labeling. Informal labeling Informal labeling is not simply a function of official labeling. Informal labeling is also influenced by theRead MoreThe Eight Stages Of Psychosocial Development1319 Words   |  6 Pagesalienation and violence. Prenatal exposure to alcohol and postnatal traumatic experiences may also result in lower IQs, serious neuro-developmental deficits in attention span, visual processing, language, motor skills and memory. Other behaviors observed are significant social problems, impulsivity, hyperactivity, inattention and oppositional defiant disorder. Research using self psychology theory suggested that some of the features associated with fetal alcohol exposure jeopardize a child s sense of

Fahrenheit 451 Lit. Notebook Free Essays

Phi Cao Carlin – 1 English IIK 30, January 2013 1. Character: Clarisse Quote: â€Å"I sometimes think drivers don’t know what grass is, or flowers, because they never see them slowly,† she said. â€Å"If you showed a driver a green blur, Oh yes! He’d say, that’s grass! A pink blur! That’s a rose garden! White blurs are houses Brown blurs cows. We will write a custom essay sample on Fahrenheit 451 Lit. Notebook or any similar topic only for you Order Now My uncle drove slowly on a highway once. He drove forty miles an hour and they jailed him for two days. Isn’t that funny and sad too? (1. ) Analysis: As Clarisse and Montag meet for the first time, she asks a series of mysterious questions that no one in the dystopia would ever even think of. The statements and questions display how wise she is and how there are very few people like her in this society that can actually see the enjoyments in life and nature. She attempts to make Montag understand that this world they live in, everything moves so fast, they need to slow down every once in a while and appreciate the simple pleasures in life. Because their society is overtaken by technology they are convinced that it is the only way to make them happy. Quote: â€Å"Are you happy? † (1. 10) By asking a simple question like this, it challenged Montag to think beyond his usual capacity, thinking outside of his normal life. He’s began to have thoughts about his definition of true happiness. He starts to realize he’s not truly happy, that’s why it took him a while to respond to her question. This quote by Clarisse is one of the most important quotes throughout the story. Without this quote, Montag wouldn’t doubt himself about his true happiness. 2. Symbols: Fire Quote: â€Å"We shall this day light such a candle, by God’s grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out. † (1. 40) Analysis: As the old woman whose house was about to be burned due to her love for books, she screams to Montag about â€Å"Master Ridley† and â€Å"playing the man. † As the story continues, Beatty reveals to Montag this quote said by a british man named Latimer. After critically thinking Montag learns that there are things in the world hat are worth living and dying for which no one in this society is willing to do. For the woman it symbolizes unyielding strength, determination and dedication. Quote: The fire was gone, then back again, like a winking eye. He stopped, afraid he might blow the fire out with a single breath. But the fire was there and he approached warily, from a long way off. It took the better part of fifteen minutes b efore he drew very close indeed to it, and then he stood looking at it from cover. That small motion, the white and red color, a strange fire because it meant a different thing to him. It was not burning. It was warming. (3. 145) Analysis: Throughout the whole story Montag saw fire as nothing but destruction and he took pleasure into book burning at the beginning. So now seeing that this flame as a nice warming home for him, it begins to make him question. This small warm-felt fire began to make him see what he’s been so clueless about all along. Burning books wasn’t the solution but the problem. He then reconsiders about what Clarisse said about firemen. What if his job was really to stop burning books and rather than starting them? How to cite Fahrenheit 451 Lit. Notebook, Papers

Do Teenagers Use Internet in a Useful Way free essay sample

The internet has become part of our lives. An estimated 90% of American teenagers use the net. Most of these kids visit websites to get information for their homework. Some others post their profiles on MySpace, visit chatrooms and send e-mails. The growing presence of the internet in the lives of children has led psychiatrists and scientists to consider the effect it is having on them. A prime concern of parents is that the internet affects the social skills of the children. Now there are two ways of looking at this. The internets critics would say that children tend to spend less time in social activities or communicating with family and friends. They are inclined to withdraw into themselves. On the other hand, the internet enables them to make new friends who are situated in distant places, and remain in touch with old friends. It encourages shy people to come out of their shell. We will write a custom essay sample on Do Teenagers Use Internet in a Useful Way or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This would also indirectly equip them to appreciate people around them. Research on these two paradoxical views has shown that the internet did not undermine social and communication skills development. Young people are able to find out more about issues and things that they find too embarrassing to ask their teacher or parents. Many teenagers would rather search the internet for information on sex and sexually transmitted diseases and other health matters. Regarding the internets effects on the childrens psychological development, again various scientific studies have found that depression or low esteem in children cannot be linked to greater internet use. Children using internet regularly were found to have good visual and spatial skills. They had better reading abilities than other children did, but their mathematical abilities did not show any gains. On the other side, the internet allows them to access information privately. Some of these may be good while others may not be healthy for them . Pornographic videos and movies are readily available online to children. They are not mentally prepared to deal with what they see or know. In 2000, the Childrens Internet Protection Act required that all schools and libraries in the U. S block offensive and obscene websites. Posting their profiles can help children meet and be influenced by complete strangers, which is potentially harmful. In a way, the internet is addictive with the user becoming self-engrossed, unconcerned about society at large and unable or reluctant to understand the viewpoints As most technologies are, the internet too is both a blessing and bane. We must guide our children to recognize goodness and evil. Its no use blaming the technology when the source of the evil is within us.

On The Relative Intelligence Of Women A Review Of Two Essays Essays

On The Relative Intelligence Of Women: A Review Of Two Essays During times in which there is increased social concern over the relative equality of men and women in various areas of study, there is a common desire to determine whether there is an appreciable difference in intelligence in relation to gender. Two essays which document various aspects of the relative intelligence of men and women are ?Women and the Mismeasure of Thought? by Judith Genova, and ?The Variability Hypothesis? by Stephanie Shields. Genova seeks to criticize measuring the difference in intelligence between men and women. Genova was unsuccessful with this article in that the questions she raised were not satisfactorily answered, and there was an overall lack of citation. ?The Variability Hypothesis? is an essay detailing the history and arguments against the purported greater variance in male intelligence. Though the argument of Shields' paper is to some extent banal, her criticism of the variability hypothesis is extensive and satisfactory. The introduction of Genova's essay is a criticism of historically accepted measurements of intelligence. In the past using brain size as a measure of intelligence was not altogether unacceptable. When this practice was discredited by the obvious lack of intellectual superiority of whales and elephants, a new physical measure of intelligence was sought. Other body dimensions were given brief consideration as measures of intelligence until the example of Negroes, Australians, and Eskimos denied that theory. Genova argues that prejudice over which groups are socially allowed to be intelligent leads to bad science in determining measures of intelligence. I agree that the highly stereotypical practice of craniometry has no relevance to modern studies of male and female intelligence, though Genova fails to adequately prove the existence of such stereotypes in modern science. Genova cites the example of hemispheric specialization studies as an area of science affected by this same kind of social prejudice. Though traditionally men are seen as analytical (left-brained) while women hold a more holistic mindset (right-brain), studies have indicated that the exact opposite is true. Genova passes off the results of these studies as due to social influences where she has no right. According to Genova, this disparity in traditional views and modern studies can only be explained by intense prejudice on the part of the writers of such studies. On the assumption that this is true, Genova then seeks to hypothesize about such the computer as a trivial tool threatening to belittle the classically analytical intelligence of men, and explains that the newfound holistic intelligence of men is an attempt to avoid that belittlement. Genova explains the newfound analytical characteristic of women as an ?attack? based on ?keeping them out of the world of science and triviali zing their achievements in any field as routine and studied? (Genova 103). I would argue, however, that the modern stereotype of female intelligence would still place them as the more creative and holistic of the two sexes. Genova's comment on computers has no relevance whatsoever to male intelligence. If computers were a threat to male intelligence and a complement to female intelligence, it would make sense that men would be resistant toward the proliferation of computers, yet this is not at all the case. Conversely, computer science is a field dominated by men. Only 7.8% of computer science and computer engineering faculties are women, and a miserable 2.7% of tenured professors are female (Frenkel 38). Genova invalidates her own argument by professing that modern stereotypes about the role of women have led to views of decreased female intelligence. She is applying a stereotype of her own by implying without evidence that modern studies advocating a difference in male and female intellects are conducted and analyzed by men with overpowering prejudices. Genova's next argument addresses the comparison of brain lateralization to general intelligence. Brain lateralization is the term for the amount of specialization in the two hemispheres of the brain. A more lateral individual will have more specialization within each hemisphere (for instance, the left brain will control verbal skills more exclusively), while a less lateral or ?bilateral? individual will have no specific location of certain skills. Genova proposes that in general there is an accepted concept of greater laterality in male brains leading to greater intelligence.

Biology Essay Questions Essays

Biology Essay Questions Essays Biology Essay Questions Paper Biology Essay Questions Paper In biology there are terms that are often used together and yet are barely understood and made distinct from each other. One such pair of terms are genes and alleles. The main difference between the two may be realized through the topic of inheritance in which genes are considered the basic unit where inheritance is coded; while alleles are merely the variation in genes pertaining to whether a gene is dominant or recessive (Purves, Sadava, Orians, and Heller 191). In relation to this, homozygote and heterozygote are terms which are also often misunderstood. To distinguish between the two, it is important to remember that considering the pairing of alleles, a homozygote has a pair that is either both dominant and both recessive while a heterozygote has a pair which contains both dominant and recessive units (Purves, Sadava, Orians, and Heller 191). Genenotype and phenotype are terms that also often cause confusion. The genotype is basically the genetic characteristic of an organism, while the phenotype is the physical manifestation of the genotype (Purves, Sadava, Orians, and Heller 192). Genes found on one chromosome are considered as linked since such genes are commonly found together at a particular portion of the chromosome (Purves, Sadava, Orians, and Heller 210). This affects how such genes are passed on during reproduction. In fact, genes that are considered to be linked are often expected to be passed on to the offspring as a bundle rather than as individual units (Purves, Sadava, Orians, and Heller 210). However, there are cases wherein even liked genes are separated during the underlying processes of meiosis. The reason for this is that genetic recombination occurs during meiosis. Specifically, during the middle portions of prophase I, homologs are arranged side by side through the process of synapsis; and later on near the end of prophase I, crossing over occurs in which parts of the homologs may be transferred between one another hence raising the chances of linked genes to be separated (Purves, Sadava, Orians, and Heller 178). In the data analysis exercise, a table is presented comparing the percentages or proportion of college graduates among relatives of people with bipolar disorder as compared to those without bipolar disorder. Striking information which may be derived from the table is that those with bipolar disorders surpass those without in terms of the percentage of fathers with a college degree. In addition, the table also presents the fact that if one has bipolar disorder then it is most possible that his or her brother does have a college degree while his or her grandmother may be generally expected to have the least chances of having obtained a college degree. In this sense, the table is indicative that in a broad sense, individuals with a bipolar disorder are most likely to have immediate relatives that have a college degree, in comparison to those that do not have a bipolar disorder. Hence, in general, the study that aimed to link intelligence with bipolar disorder is basically driven with the main assumption that mood disorders are often present among individuals that are of high levels of intelligence. Work Cited Saddava, David, Craig Heller, Gordon H. Orians, and William K. Purves. Life: the Science of Biology. 7th Edition. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates and W.H. Freeman, 2003.

Body ownership

Body ownership Body Ownership The sense of one’s own body has been a subject of debate among researchers for many years. It is argued to be a very specific type of knowledge, illustrated as being a non-conceptual and somatic (e.g., Kant, 1781/2003; Bermu ´ dezas cited in Lango, et al., 2007). It has been argued that this type of knowledge, often referred to as ‘‘embodiment† (Arzy, Overney, Landis, Legrand, 2006), or ‘‘corporeal awareness† (Berlucchi Critchley, 1979) is compulsory, to experience various types of sensory information (Kant, 1781/2003; Johnson, 1987; Lakoff, 1987; Merleau-Ponty, 1945/1962; Piaget, 1937/1954 as cited in Lango, et al., 2007). In other words, one has to have some sort of knowledge of one’s own body in order to experience emotions and sensations. It has been argued that gaining this type of knowledge is crucial for formation of personal psychological identity (Cassam,1997; Edelman, 2004). Rubber hand illusion allows for the manipulating the brain into perceiving an external object- the rubber hand, as being a representation of the body (Tsakiris &Haggard, 2005). Self awareness has been argued to be mostly represented by the sense of the body ownership. Moseley( et al., 2008) provoked the rubber hand illusion and demonstrated one of rubber hand illusion’s effects- taking ownership of an artificial counterpart- which leads to decrease in the temperature in the real hand. They found that this phenomenon was limb-specific, in other words similar effect have not been found to occur in the not stimulated hand. They argued that this is phenomenon is demonstrating that physical self and the physiological regulation of self are closely linked in the top down manner to an individual’s body awareness. It also seems likely that if body awareness is disrupted by cognitive processes, that might lead to changes in the body temperature regulations, in the rubber hand illusion case, making it de crease. This therefore leads to conclusion that if an individual’s starts perceiving and artificial body part it will have an effect on the rest of the body (Moseley, 2008). Body ownership has been argued to be a sort of knowledge that that your body belongs to you, and is constantly there, is a basis for the aspect of self-awareness. Individuals suffering from for example schizophrenia, autism, epilepsy, neuropathic pain, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia have been found to have a disturbance in their body ownership. These disorders have also been found to have a connection to the disruption of the body temperature regulations (Moseley, 2008). Moseley (et al., 2008) has demonstrated that such disruption in the body ownership can be a consequence of a Rubber Hand Illusion. RHI consequences in participant’s perception that the touch they are experiencing is actually an effect of the stimulation given to the rubber hand. That consequence in participant’s taking an o wnership of the rubber hand. Additionally, Moseley (et al., 2008) found that there was a positive correlation between the vividness of the rubber hand illusion experience and the decrease in the skin temperature in the adequate hand. This suggests that the more an individual experiences the RHI the more will the temperature in their hand decrease.

Virgin Group Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Virgin Group Case Study - Assignment Example Some of the aspects of transformational leadership of Branson include inspirational motivation. For instance, he believes in collective responsibility of teams and motivated employees. Another aspect of the transformational leadership of Branson intellectual stimulation since he challenges the existing assumptions and promotes creative ideas. He invented space travel since he believes that the earth is tiny, unlike space, and he is also committed to developing a submarine that can reach ocean floors. He has idealized influence and acts as a role model for his employees. He instills trust and high ethical behavior in his business since he is committed to environmental conservation and charity work. Branson also makes individualized consideration through listening to all employees and showing support for the teams. He understands the needs of customers and employees and this is mainly why he dressed up in and boots a cowboy hat during the opening of regular flights to Dallas to symboli ze the needs of American customers (Daft 425). If Virgin Group was to go public tomorrow, I would be willing to purchase the stock. Richard Branson would be committed to ensuring profitability and high return on the shareholder's investments. I would be assured of positive returns since his diversification and acquisition strategies would ensure positive returns even during harsh business environment. Branson has high-performance expectations thus would pursue aggressive investment strategies in order to meet the expectations of the shareholders.

Capacity Planning and Performance Modeling Essay - 1

Capacity Planning and Performance Modeling - Essay Example Various capacity planning or performance measurement software are distributed in the internet. One of this software is the Schedule It, which has been described as the ultimate software for use in the room, people, or resource planning strategies. The software can be applied in the planning and scheduling of any task, which requires detailed filtering or reporting. The software can also be used in the scheduling of reporting, cost analysis of each instance and also as an expense tracker. The software sends automatic emails and reminders and keep everyone informed if there are any changes in schedule. The software can run on different platforms including Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows NT, Windows 2000, and Windows XP. Many organizations will have systems that collect information that is related to capacity as well as systems that are employed to solve problems and implement both the capacity and performance functionality. Nevertheless, many organizations will fail to perform a routine check up on the trending and what if analysis. The what if analysis is one of the processes that may be applied to determine the effect of having a network change. Capacity and performance management helps to create an exception management where potential and existing problems can be identified and rectified before the customers or users call in pointing out the

Issues Surrounding Masculinity in United States Essay Example for Free

Issues Surrounding Masculinity in United States Essay Our society today has little tolerance for men and masculinity in general. Masculinity can be defined as having qualities or appearance of male. It includes behaviors typically associated with men. In his book, Ferguson takes us into the world of a sole, municipal elementary school attended by students who have been labeled as troublemakers and potential jail inmates. She identifies how a group of young boys of African American origin aged between 11 to 12 years are identified by their school work force as lovers of jail (14). Over the years black Americans boys have been subjected to a kind of discrimination both in school and outside. There are claims that teachers treat these boys as if they are doomed to fail. Ferguson (26) goes on to criticize the form of punishment given to the boys which according to him does not instill discipline but simply perpetuating troublemakers and creating potential inmates (67). According to equality index carried out by Pascoe (114), black men in America have high chances of being unemployed than white men. The black men are seven times more likely more to be imprisoned with a jail sentence of above ten months over their white counterparts. The report also discloses other disparities ranging from unemployment, school drop out rates and annual income. While there have been some improvements on the gap between the black men and white men in United States of America, black masculinity is still being faced with greater problem. Despite the condemnation given to them, Ferguson argues that Black American boys look seriously at schooling and excelling in life. In addition she identifies how the whole society beliefs in a natural difference of black children from the white children. Most people according to him identify the black men as criminal and it is this view that disproportionately put them in danger of disappointment and punishment. this is a greatly interfere with the black American boys according who in future end up taking the negative behavior as implied by their mentors. Ferguson bases her argument on a fundamental theory of learning, drawn from two sources: Marxist Bowles speculation view of society which gives school the task of reproducing the existing communal pecking order, and Foucault’s post-structural theory of disciplinary authority that views punishment as an instrument of social segregation (82). He contrasts this speculative frame to the commonly held liberal idea that schools are meritocratic (112). But the black American boys are hyper aware of their individuality pattern. According to Fergusson (123), they act upon their masculinity through impressive performances and disruptions in class work and they achieve their self worth for themselves by using hostility behavior strategy to regain their sense of self. Â  To identify themselves as resourceful, authoritative and knowledgeable in the face of the humiliation they encounter in school. By masculinity, Malin (36) seems to mean men who not only reveal the physical qualities of toughness but also who also possesses some noble principle. In his book, Malin claimed that Clinton has been shown as a conflicted and sensitive, yet strong man (42). It is these characters according to Malin (43) that helped him win presidential elections. Clintons personality remained a package of conflicts that variously embraced and overthrown different stereotypes of masculinity hence he was able to remain a strong man. Malin 2005 (78). Sonenstein associates masculinity with culture, and socialization and encourages men to try to live up to cultural standards of masculinity (342). According to Malin, men fraternity face pressures and dilemmas around race- and gender-based individuality structure is always a flagrant force that works against these students maintaining an obligation to schooling. This is why schools across the nation for example in US observe a continual attrition of schoolboys as they link the ranks of troublemakers (67). According to Ferguson (112), molding our boys viewing them as Bad Boys is a powerful challenge to current views on the setback of the black males in school. Currently black males are severely constrained by the society and culture of their high school and of American society in general. This form of treatment world neither favor girl child who is always more vulnerable to several situations. Due to this unhealthy treatment the black American Male end up performing poorly in their education which lead them to drug abuse and criminal activities which in future lead them to be on the wrong side of the law. Ferguson 2000 (P 139) Both black and white men have their roles to play as men in America. Ferguson advocates for need to change the social organization and the culture of the society so as to enhance a suitable learning environment of the African American males in particular and all children in general. Solutions begin from an assurance that slight inputs, short-term interventions and person prescriptions into schools are greatly sufficient to cure an organization that is mainly flawed. The organization should aim for metropolitan black kid who seems to be the formation of a community which will basically obey the rules of civilization. A reform of the whole educational system is what is urgently necessary according to Ferguson (234). Overhauling the whole school system is the only way according to Ferguson (113) for eliminating all kind of institutionalized discrimination. She states that significant changes may take position by altering the curriculum and establishing lesser classes whereby student gets enough attention from their trainers. In addition, antiracist education for student teachers and reciprocated respect among adults and youth will also form a very good base to eliminate society and cultural constrain. Schools that are reorganized in this way would help in bringing new meaning to the Black masculinity (235).

Story Of An Hour :: essays research papers

The Story of an Hour depicts a single hour in Mrs. Mallard life, in which the lady who has a weak heart experiences the momentary joy of freedom after hearing that her husband has been killed in a railroad accident. Mrs. Mallard initial reaction, upon hearing of her husband death, is not far from what readers expect: she is deeply grieved, weeps and wants to be left alone. However, during the hour she spends alone in her room, her state of mind changes dramatically. Sitting in the armchair motionlessly, she sees spring trees from the open window, smells pure air after the gentle rain, hears a faint but pleasant song, even the patched clouds outside seem to be dispersing decently in the warm and powerful sunshine eventually. All these features imply that an unconscious wish in her heart is quietly but quickly expanding. At first, she feels something is approaching her, something almost tangible, which she is not sure about: t was too subtle and elusive to name. 71) However, from that moment on, her weeping ith sudden, wild abandonment disappears, he storm of grief goes away, she is turning to the situation where she has longed for. ree, free, free! 71) The first voice of protest breaks out after those tedious, miserable years. Now she realizes the feeling approaching her and possessing her occupies her entire soul and body: his possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being. Free! Body and soul free! 72) These unbelievably radical words show her enormous hunger for freedom, her strong wish to be herself again. Her husband sudden death has made her lifetime emotional torment come to an end, and she can be as free as a man now. On the other hand, Mrs. Mallard may cry again for the loss of her oving husband not only because of her gender role in the society, but for he still loves her and she herself had loved him as well. Moreover, the story does not tell us whether Mr. Mallard is an abusive or irresponsible husband, but this couple certainly strives for maintaining their unsatisfactory marriage. Besides, no love or security can compensate for a lack of control over her own existence (Skaggs, 53), let alone the fact that there is hardly any love in that fragile relationship.

Tourism Planning

I. Introduction Tourism provides a major economic development opportunity for many countries and a means of improving the livelihoods of its residents. Both the public and private sectors involved in tourism depend on planning to achieve sustainable tourism development that respects the local community, creates appropriate employment, maintains the natural environment, and delivers a quality visitor experience.However, many tourism destinations have pursued development without proper planning and without considering the many impacts such development will bring to the community. This session will discuss tourism planning approaches to achieve the goals and objectives of tourism development for a destination. For the purposes of discussion, a tourism destination can mean an entire country, a region, an island, a resort area, or a single project. The tourism plan is generally a formal document to guide both public sector and private sector development activities.Destination planning inc ludes many different forms of planning such as economicdevelopment planning, land use planning, infrastructure planning ,and social services planning and involves many groups with different perspectives including governments, private investors and developers, and local communities. Balite Falls is nestled in a simple but clean and peaceful resort in the town of Amadeo. The latter is famous for its coffee; many coffee shops get their supply of beans from this town. A stream running through the resort drops down on a small shallow pool before cascading down into a larger and deeper pool at another lower level.The two waterfalls thus formed are the centerpiece of the resort. The waters of the stream and falls are relatively clean. The resort is covered in lush vegetation and is ideal for picnics or a quiet getaway. When we arrived in the morning there were just a few people around, most of them preparing for a picnic and fewer still taking a dip in the pools. As noon approached, howeve r, the place started to get more visitors. The warm and courteous hosts told us that the place really fills up during the summer. We left well before noon to have lunch in nearby Tagaytay.The roads, even the one leading to the resort are well paved all the way, making Balite Falls an ideal place to visit if you are looking for a quieter place away from Tagaytay (just go there on a weekday as the place can fill up during the weekends). There are two falls of Balite. The first one on top is smaller compared to the falls below it. The water in the bigger falls is 18 feet deep. A lot of people dive onto the deep water. I wish I had the courage to do what they did but I’m terribly afraid of deep water. I only stay on 5 feet or less. Nevertheless, I enjoyed the green scenery of Balite Falls.They say that the water in Balite falls has healing effects. Maybe because it’s pristine, pure and free of inorganic materials. The management doesn’t permit the guests to even use soap or shampoo when taking a bath in the falls. II. Brief description of the Place The warm and courteous hosts told us that the place really fills up during the summer. The roads, even the one leading to the resort are well paved all the way, making Balite Falls an ideal place to visit if you are looking for a quieter place away from Tagaytay. There are two falls of Balite. The first one on top is smaller compared to the falls below it.The water in the bigger falls is 18 feet deep. A lot of people dive onto the deep water. Nevertheless, you will also I enjoy the green scenery of Balite Falls. They say that the water in Balite falls has healing effects. Maybe because it’s pristine, pure and free of inorganic materials. The management doesn’t permit the guests to even use soap or shampoo when taking a bath in the falls. Brief History of the Province Amadeo was formerly called Masilaw, a Tagalog word meaning glaring. It used to be a forest with abundant dapdap trees th at bore bright red flower after shedding of leaves. hese flower that crown the trees produce a dazzling glaring light. That locality was originally a barrio of Silang. It was made a town in 1872, and was called amadeo in honor of Prince Amadeo Fernado Maria of Savoy. The inauguration of the town (may 30) coincided with the birthday of the said princes who was born on may 30, 1845 in Turin, Italy, as the second son of the king of spain and Italy. It was given the tagalong name Maypag-ibig (With love) during the Philippines revolution. Amadeo was recognized as a town for twenty-one years. It was reverted as a district of silang, however, in 1902.Local leader including Geronemo Bayot and Primo Villanueva, for the next thirteen years, continued to secure the separation of amadeo from silang. It was not until 1915 during the administration of governor Antero Soriano, that Amadeo regained its independence. In recognition in his persevering effort in behalf of Amadeo, Geronimo Bayot was ma de the town’s first municipal president under the American regime. The Municipality of Amadeo is a fourth class municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. It is nicknamed the â€Å"Coffee Capital of the Philippines†. According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 33,457 people.Amadeo is best known for their Pahimis Festival, which showcases the town's coffee industry. It is usually held on the last weekend of February and its town fiesta is held on the last Sunday of April. Land Area: 47. 90 sq. km No. of Barangays: 26 Income class: 4th class Population: 25,737 (2000) 31,705 (2007) 34,564 (2010 Projected) Population Density: 662 persons/ sq. km. Growth Rate: 2. 70% per annum (2000) Amadeo is politically subdivided into 26 barangays (12 urban, 14 rural). Banaybanay| Maymangga| Barangay IV (Pob. )| Barangay X (Pob. )| Buho| Bucal| Minantok| Barangay V (Pob. | Barangay XI (Pob. )| MinantokSilangan| Dagatan| Pangil| Barangay VI (Pob. )| Barangay XII (Pob. ) | | Halang| Barangay I (Pob. )| Barangay VII (Pob. )| Salaban| | Loma| Barangay II (Pob. )| Barangay VIII (Pob. )| Talon| | Maitim I| Barangay III (Pob. )| Barangay IX (Pob. )| Tamacan| | Geography An upland and inland town with an elevation of 1,400 feet above sea level, Amadeo is situated approximately 60 kilometers south of Manila. It is flanked on the north by the municipality of General trias and Trece Martires City, on the east by Silang and on the west by Indang.The City of tagaytay occupies the south of the municipality Climate Cavite belongs to Type 1 climate based on the Climate Map of the Philippines by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration(PAGASA). Being a Type 1, Cavite has two pronounced seasons – the dry season, which usually begins in November and ends in April, and the rainy season, which starts in May and ends in October. Cavite’s cool periods are from December to February while summer months are from April t o May. Land resources and distributionAmadeo Cavite’s land resources are categorized into two: forest lands and alienable and disposable lands. Forest lands are being maintained as they play a great role for the ecological balance of the Province aside from the fact that they are home to numerous flora and fauna that needs to be protected and preserved. Correspondingly, the alienable and disposable lands are the built-up areas as well as production areas. These lands are intended for urban, economic and demographic developments. Production Land-Use Majority of production land-use is into agriculture. Considering that 50. 3% of the total provincial land area is engaged into agriculture, it can be generalized that in spite of rapid urbanization in the province, Cavite remains to have an agricultural economy that makes food security attainable. Some of the major crops being produced in the province are rice, corn, coffee, coconuts, cutflowers and vegetables. â€Å"Coffee beansà ¢â‚¬  â€Å"Pineapple† â€Å"Banana† â€Å"Coconut tree† Included in the agricultural land use are livestock farms that range from piggeries, poultries, goat farms and cattle farms. The climatic suitability of Cavite makes the province ideal for integrated farming, having crops and livestock rising in one farm. Cattle† Fishery is also another major component of the agricultural sector. Having rich marine resources and long coastlines, the province is home to numerous fishery activities. This industry has provided livelihood to many Cavitenos. In some lowland and even upland areas, fishery, in the form of fish ponds are also producing considerable amount of fish products. Some areas in Cavite are also engaged in fish processing and production of fish products like fish sauce. â€Å"Fresh water shrimp† Mining is the third component of production land-use in the province. As of 2009, there are 15 mining and quarrying areas operating in Cavite.Extracti on includes filling materials, gravel and sand. How to get there. * Balite falls is in Barangay Halang which is roughly 3km+ north of Amadeo. If you are travelling using private vehicle, you can take the South Luzon Tollway and exit at Exit 33 (Carmona) and head southwest towards Carmona. Near Carmona, take the Carmona Bypass road so you do not have to go through Carmona town proper. This road actually leads all the way to Trece Martires and crosses Aguinaldo Highway (the more popular road to Tagaytay City coming from Zapote). About 7. 7km on this road from the Exit 33, there will be a junction to Silang.Take this road and head for Silang (about 8. 3 km). At Silang, and at every major junction in Silang, you may need to ask directions from locals which way to Barrio Luksuhin. If you can't find help, just follow the major streets of Silang with a southwest general direction until you hit the wide nicely paved roads of Aguinaldo Highway. * From Lawton ride a bus bound Trece/Indang (Ca vite,) ask the driver to drop you in Manggahan. Look for the 7-11 store inj front of Mcdo. You will find the jeepneys that will take you to Balite, Amadeo. Ask the driver to drop you to Balite, Falls. The road to Barrio Luksuhin actually starts from a crossing point along Aguinaldo Highway on the section that now bypasses Silang. Follow this road to Luksuhin, through Luksuhin, Calubcob, Lit-lit and up to the crossing in Banay-Banay (about 4 km total). At Banay-Banay, turn right northwestward while carefully taking note of your odometer reading at the intersection. As of travelogue time there are no clear landmarks near the road junction that leads to Balite so we will rely on measuring the distance from the Banay-Banay intersection. Go 1. 3 km northwestward then you will see a small dirt road on the left.Turn left on this dirt road and follow this road for about 1 km to the end. On both sides of this dirt road would be coffee farm/plantation. The end of the road will be a sudden des cent to a clearing which serves as the parking lot for visitors to the falls. The falls would just be a few meters south of the clearing behind the trees. III. Socio cultural Economic Pattern Religion In line with national statistics, the majority (70%) of the population are Roman Catholic while adherents of the Aglipayan Church account for 20% and the Iglesiani Cristo account for 4% of the population. Other Christian sects and Muslims comprise the remainder.However, the strong presence of the Christian Churches such as the mainline Evangelical Churches (UNIDA, IEMELIF, Methodist, UCCP, Baptist and Assemblies Of God), Christian Fellowships (Jesus Is Lord, Bread of Life, Christ's Commission Fellowship, Jesus Christ Spreading the Good News), and other Christian Churches such as the United Pentecostal Churches and numerous Oneness groups, have increased the population of the other Christian Churches. This may now account for about 5% of the total Cavite population. Ethnic Group Caviten o. A Chavacano community ( family of Spanish-based ).Chavacano is a Spanish-based creole language and known in linguistics as Philippine Creole Spanish. Initially, and as a means to express themselves, native speakers mixed Spanish with their respective dialect: Tagalog in Cavite. Now used almost exclusively in Cavite City and coastal Ternate, Cavite Chabacano enjoyed its widest diffusion and greatest splendor in Spanish and American period of Filipino history, when newspapers and literary outputs flourished. During the Spanish regime, it was prevalent for Spaniards, both peninsulares and insulares, to use the creole in their negotiations with the townfolk.Cavite Chabacano was spoken with relative ease because it was essentially a simplification of Castillan morphology patterned after Tagalog syntax. Gradually and naturally, it acquired the sounds present in the Spanish phonological system, which had the authocthonous phonetics as core. After World War II, creole Spanish speakers wi thin the capitol of the archipelago vanished. Languages The main languages spoken are Tagalog, Chabacano and English. Chabacano, sometimes spelled as Chavacano, is a creole originally spoken by majority of the Cavitenos that lived in Cavite City and Ternate after the arrival of the Spaniards three centuries ago.Around 30000 Cavitenos speak Chabacano. Due to Cavite's proximity to Metro Manila a large number of people migrated from farther provinces, resulting in a significant usage of Bikol, Cebuano and Ilokano. Culture and traditions Cavitenos are very proud of their majestic and interesting cuture and traditions. Aside from the celebrations of town fiestas, the province of Cavite celebrates festivals as forms of thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest and in honor of its patron saints.Some of these festivals are also observed in honor of the historical legacies passed from one generation to another generation. In fact, the province fetes the renowned Kalayaan Festival which is given a great social importance in commemoration of the heroism of its people. The province has very rich culture, traditions and fiesta celebrations such as Mardicas which is a war dance held in Ternate town and Karakol or street dancing with a fluvial procession which is usually held in coastal towns. There is also a pre-colonial ritual called the Sanghiyang as a form of thanksgiving and to heal the sick.Another cultural tradition is the Live via Crucis or KalbaryoniHesus which is being done during Holy Week and Maytinis or word prayer that is annually held in Kawit every December 24 just before the beginning of the midnight Mass. Cavite proudly stands as a place with a glorious past. It’s warm and friendly people, whose ancestors came down with a noble cause, manifest industry and patience in various skills and professions, openly receptive to the entry and exchange of culture and technology that are of value to the province. IV. Tourism Facilities A. Existing Tourist Facilities / Resources 1st Division USAFFE Marker The 41st USAFFE marker is one place where you will know more about Tagaytay’s rich political history. It is located beside Metro Tagaytay College of Business and Arts, Kaybagal South, Tagaytay City. Japanese Friendship Garden This 1200 sq. meter garden was constructed to inculcate in the people the value of freedom, peace and international unity. It is located in front of the Development Academy of the Philippines Conference Center, Sungat East, Tagaytay City. Tagaytay Highlands A masterplan blending of natural and man-made wonders dedicated to leisure at its bets.It is located at Cababuso, apporoximately 8 to 9 km. away from Silang Cavite. People’s Park in the Sky An artful blending of natural and man-made attractions poised on the highest point of Tagaytay City. It stands on 4,516 sq. meters of solid ground and overlooks four bodies of water – Taal Lake, Balayan Bay, Laguna de Bay, and Manila Bay. It is located at Dapdap West and Dapdap East, approximately 6 to 7 km. away Silang Crossing Picnic Grove and Livelihood Complex Located at Sungay East, 3 km. away from Silang Crossing, it is run by the Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA). It is suitable for picnics, horseback iding, and sightseeing. It also offers services for seminar accommodations, overnight stay, and others. The Flower Farm On the windy slope of a hill in Tagaytay City sprawls a flower farm that keeps Manila abloom the whole year round. The five-hectare flower farm has many varieties of flowers, such as chrysanthemums with assorted colors, gerberas, carnations, roses, and anthuriums. B. Other Infrastructure / Superstructure 1. Accomodations Leisure Farm in Amadeo Cavite It has a resthouse with 2 bedroom and 2 bathroom, pavilion, gazebos, fruit bearing trees and exotic ornamental plants,and palm trees.With natural spring water. Ideal for retreat place, hideaway, or retirement home. It has been featured in â€Å"Our Home† and  "BluPrint Design† magazines. Microtel Inn & Suites Eagle Ridge, Cavite, Philippines | Have a pleasant stay in our clean, comfortable rooms with the much talked about Microtel chiropractic â€Å"healthy for the back† beds. Whether for business or pleasure,  Microtel Inn & Suites Eagle Ridge, Cavite  will definitely satisfy your needs as this 57-room hotel provides an ideal setting combining comfort, privacy and a convenient location.Microtel Inn & Suites Eagle Ridge, Cavite  also has a distinctive character especially with the multitude of activities available in its neighboring country club. 15 minutes of breezewalk from the hotel or about 5-minute drive by car is the exclusive Eagle Ride Golf & Country Club, which has the largest golfing facility in the country. Hotel Kimberly Tagaytay Is located along Amadeo Road, a 40 minute drive from Manila City. The hotel offers an outdoor pool, free wi-Fi, free parking and coffee shop Taal Vista Hotel KM 60 Aguinaldo Highwa y, Tagaytay, PhilippinesThe Taal Vista Hotel is located in the heart of Tagaytay, and is renowned for its comfort and service. The hotel offers free Wi-Fi, an outdoor pool and tennis courts as well as conference room(s), a beauty centre and a 24 hour reception. Tagaytay Country Hotel Olivarez Plaza, E. Aguinaldo Hi-way, Tagaytay, Philippines Discover all that Tagaytay has to offer with Tagaytay Country Hotel as a base. Each of the 67 well-furnished guestrooms at the hotel ensures a comfortable stay with industry-standard room amenities. Each guestroom features amenities such as shower, television, mini bar.This Tagaytay accommodation contains all of the facilities and conveniences you would expect from a hotel in its class. Hotel's guests can experience on-site latest leisure and sports facilities such as tennis courts, sauna, spa. This hotel is characterized by a combination of modern comfort and traditional element of Tagaytay, making it a distinct accommodation. To make your rese rvation at the Tagaytay Country Hotel via our secure online booking form, please submit your visit dates. 2. Churches Our Lady of Manaoag in Tierra de Maria in TagaytayInside the Tierra de Maria is the replica of The Lady, but outside is a 50-foot statue that towers majestically over this meditative place, made more awesome at around 2 p. m. when the sun shines directly over her crown. At her feet is a wishing well and candle holders where the faithful throw their hearts’ desires to Mary, Mother of God, Queen of Heaven and Earth. St. Mary Magdalene Church Beside the Plaza of Amadeo is the St. Mary Magdalene Church. During World War II, it was used as a garrison by the Japanese. Nineteen guerillas were killed in that church-turned-garrison.Today, Catholics who visit the church remember to pray for the souls of these martyrs. Because of its rich historical background, it was declared a National Historical Landmark by the National Historical Institute in 1984 when it celebrated its 100th year as parish church. 3. Hospitals South Prime Medical and Wellness Center| | | | Address:| Delos Reyes Ave. , Dagatan,Amadeo,Cavite – 4119 | *First and only Hospital in Amadeo,Cavite. *24Hr Emergency Department with resident doctors and nurses 24hrs duty. *Patient's admission and Ambulance assistance. Estrella Hospital Emilio Aguinaldo HighwayMunicipality of Silang 4118? (046) 414 1483 Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo Memorial Hospital Trece Martires-Indang Road  Trece Martires City? (046) 419 2883 4. Restaurant Ala Eh! Cafe Amadeo Brgy. 6, Poblacion Amadeo, Cavite, Philippines Phone Number(+63 46) 682-0074 Mushroom Burger Tagaytay City Phonw Number:(046) 413 1330  ? Fire Lake Grill Unit 3 Cliffhouse Tagaytay, Aguinaldo Highway, Tagaytay City 4120 (046) 483 2069  ?  · Josephine'S  Restaurant Km. 58 General E. Aguinaldo Highway, Tagaytay City (046) 413 1801  ?  · Jollibee Emilio Aguinaldo Highway, Tagaytay City (046) 413 0921  ? Bag Of Beans – TagaytayG eneral Emilio Aguinaldo Highway Mendez Crossing West, Tagaytay City, Tagaytay-Nasugbu Highway, Tagaytay City Phone Number:(046) 413 4356  ? ? KING BEE (Chinese Cuisine) Newhall ComplexGovernor’s Drive, Manggahan Gen. Trias, Cavite Tel No. : (046) 402-0632/402-0634/538-0791/887-2784 CHOWKING (Waltermart)Governor’s Drive, Manggahan Gen. Trias, Cavite Tel No. : (046) 419-1006 JOLLIBEE (Waltermart)Governor’s Drive, Manggahan Gen. Trias, Cavite Tel No. : (046) 419-0991/419-0993 MC DONALD’S (Waltermart)Governor’s Drive, Manggahan Gen. Trias, Cavite Tel No. : (046) 402-0092/402-0091 5. SCHOOLSBrightways Academy| Banay BAnay, Amadeo| Dorcas Samaritan Academe, Inc. | J. Dela Pena St. , Amadeo| Dom Geraldo Childrens Center| Salaban Amadeo Cavite| Father Luigi Caburiotto School| Buho, Amadeo| Istituto Maria Immacolata| Banay Banay Amadeo| Maymangga Evangel Learning School| Brgy. Maymangga Amadeo| Scuola Maria Santissima, Inc. | 419 Brgy. Tamakan Amadeo Cavi te| St. Mary Magdalene Parochial School| 348 P. Zamora St. Amadeo| Sunstar Academy| Villanueva St. , Amadeo Cavite| St. Raphael School for Special Children, Inc. | Amadeo, Cavite| Tourism Activities A weekend coffee farmerCoffee farming can indeed be profitable. All it takes is dedication, patience and maybe, yes, a book of instructions. People's Park The building here was a project of ex president Marcos, but it was never completed. It is located around 8 kms from the rotunda and is built on the highest of the surrounding hills and offers spectacular views of Lake Taal. Many souvenir shops and fruit stands. Entrance 50 pesos. Zipline and Cable Car Affordable and basic, the Zipline and Cable Car is actually inside the Picnic Grove compound. The zipline was a fun experience The cage-like cable car looks boring though Horse Back RidingOne of the most common thing that many people who visited Tagaytay is to ride a horse, and your trip to tagaytay is not complete without trying this act ivity, you can find them in taal vista, picnic grove and people's park area. Pineapple Plantations There are lots of pineapple plantations in the areas around Amadeo as the conditions here are perfect for growing pineapples which are huge, sweet and juicy. Fishing When you are at Taal Lake, you will notice that there are many fish farms here. These farms are harvesting the famous tawilis fish and perhaps maliputo fish which are endemic to this lake, both are local delicacies.You will also see small boats on the lake, where the local fishermen will cast their nets and catch fishes in the lake Sight-Seeing Taal Volcano- an active volcano on the island of Luzon. Consists of an island in Lake Taal situated within a caldera formed by an earlier very large eruption. It is about 50 km from the Manila. The volcano has erupted violently several times, causing loss of life in the populated areas surrounding the lake. Because of its eruptive history and location close to population centres, th e volcano has been designated a Decade Volcano.V. SWOT ANALSYS STRENGTHS| WEAKNESSES| * Interesting ponds * Many varieties and choices to swim from * Friendly community * The depth of the lakes differ from each other * Many ponds to choose from * Near to malls, fast foods, hotels and Tagaytay City * Perfect for nature lovers, adventurous and those who love swimming * Very affordable entrance and no time limit * Rooms for overnight stay are available * There are different kinds of entertainment such as videoke, bar, picnic table and barbeque grillers * Temperature of the ater is tolerable| * Transportation from the main road for those commuters * Slippery pathways to the lake * Steep and dangerous stairs * No lifeguard * No indication of how deep are the ponds * No caution signs and guidelines * Undeveloped Comfort rooms * Very scary in the dark * Lack of safety measures * Insufficient cottages * sari-sari store is not available any time * lack of lights at night in the main road| OP PORTUNITIES| THREATS| Job opportunities for the community * Could make the place popular * best for resting and pampering * could increase the income of the government * could feed many families * can attract much more tourists| * Uncontrolled calamities * Landslide prone area * Unsafe and rocky waterbed * Uncontrollable strong flow of river * Global warming * Unfamiliar sea creatures * Flood prone area| VII. Recommendation Our group takes a research about Balite Falls that you can find in Amadeo Cavite.Even though the place was a bit developed still needs some development in the place which is transportation to get through the resort like to ride on the tricycle because the resort is too near to the main road. The place needs to put also a mini grocery or even a mini restaurant. The both sides of the road has a tree of coffee bean which is the one that the place needs also to put a mini coffee shop so that the coffee bean tree must be recognized to the tourist people who will visit the place. The Balite Falls Resort also needs to put mini cottages in the sides of the resort so people can left their things there.Balite Falls needs to put more comfort rooms. Balite Falls was owned by the Local Government. The local Government needs to give pay attention and needs to put a big fund on this place that the things that needs to develop will be well developed. VIII. Conclusion We therefore conclude that the Balite Falls must be recognized as one of the best tourist spots in our country because of having a good view in the place, can breathe a fresh air, beautiful waterfall in the falls. If you’re a nature lover you will love the place because of it is very quiet and relaxing place.The Local Government also needs to recognize their own tourist spot so it can be well known by the people and will be visited by the people in other countries. IX. Bibliography http://www. facebook. com/l. php? u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. tim. hawaii. edu%2Fdl%2FDocument%2520Library%2520%25 20TO%2520490%2520Additional%2520Materials%2FTO490_section-5_destination-planning. pdf;h=5AQEnr0Xg http://www. hotelscombined. com/City/Tagaytay. htm http://www. cavite. gov. ph/back%20up/index. php? option=com_content;view=article;id=224;Itemid=155 http://maps. google. com. ph/maps? l=en;psj=1;bav=on. 2,or. r_gc. r_pw. r_qf. ;biw=1280;bih=699;um=1;ie=UTF-8;q=schools+in+amadeo+cavite;fb=1;gl=ph;hq=schools;hnear=0x33bd78eced989645:0x25102c05bd6d4007,Amadeo;sa=X;ei=01Z0UMOlCeyJmwXb2ICoCQ;ved=0CGkQtwMwCQ http://www. maplandia. com/philippines/region-4/cavite/amadeo/hotels/ http://food. clickthecity. com/b/Qp1c312/ala-eh-cafe-amadeo-cavite http://wikimapia. org/582590/Waltermart-General-Trias http://www. virtualtourist. com/travel/Asia/Philippines/Tagaytay_City/Tagaytay-1379582/Things_To_Do-Tagaytay-TG-C-1. html

Balanced Scorecard IKEA Essay

About the company IKEA is a Swedish company registered in the Netherlands that designs and sells ready-to-assemble furniture, appliances and home accessories. As of January 2008, the company is the world’s largest furniture retailer. Founded in Sweden in 1943 by 17-year-old Ingvar Kamprad, who was listed as one of the world’s richest people in 2013, the company’s name is an acronym that consists of the initials of, Ingvar Kamprad, Elmtaryd (the farm where he grew up), and Agunnaryd (his hometown in Smà ¥land, south Sweden). The company is known for its modern architectural designs for various types of appliances and furniture, and its interior design work is often associated with eco-friendly simplicity. In addition, the firm is known for its attention to cost control, operational details, and continuous product development, corporate attributes that allowed IKEA to lower its prices by an average of two to three percent over the decade to 2010 during a period of global expansion. IKEA is about much more than just products. It is about offering inspiration, home furnishing knowledge, new products and solutions people can relate to. Always at low prices. IKEA home furnishing gives people access to affordable solutions that solve their needs and improve everyday life at home. Simply put, IKEA home furnishing makes it possible to turn dreams into reality and create homes to love living in. A culture of hearts The IKEA culture is hard to describe but easy to embrace. It’s a culture of enthusiasm, togetherness and willpower, born from our roots in southern Sweden and inspired by the IKEA founder, Ingvar Kamprad. The IKEA culture humbly unites us in our work to create a better everyday life for the many people. It’s not an easy task – and maybe that’s why we and all other IKEA co-workers are so dedicated and so stubborn. We all share the same conviction that many, not few, shall be able to create the home they want  and dream of. And when you put your heart into your work, it’s then you really can make a difference. Over 150,000 people are involved in the creation of a better everyday life for the many people. Business plans †Maintaining a strong IKEA and expansion ideas are great motivators to work hard. But there is no culture is one of the most crucial substitute for the feeling of actually contributing to something bigger. factors behind the continued success of the IKEA Concept† Ingvar Kamprad IKEA founder The IKEA values Values cannot be invented – they can only emerge from one place: the heart. IKEA values are very much a product of our origin. Hard work, tough challenges, common sense, Swedish roots and limited resources have formed IKEA values. To keep the IKEA Concept successful, we work to keep our values close to our heart. The IKEA values convey the essence of the entire IKEA culture. Over the years we’ve learned that acting according to IKEA values not only brings us together – no matter what age, race or part of the world we live in – it helps us do business successfully. The IKEA product range Developing IKEA products can take place almost anywhere around the world – on a factory floor in Asia or on the drawing board in Älmhult, Sweden. And everybody involved works together to create a product range that is simple, easy to live with and affordable. Good design should be available for the many, not the few. That’s why all IKEA designers design every IKEA product starting with a functional need and a price. Then they use their creativity and knowledge and use low-cost raw materials and manufacturing processes to create functional products. Then large volumes are purchased to push prices down even further. Most IKEA products are also designed to be transported in flat packs and  assembled at the customer’s home. This also lowers the price by minimizing transportation and storage costs. By doing all this, the IKEA Concept uses design to make sure that IKEA products can be bought and enjoyed by as many people as possible. IKEA designers constantly seek new ways to improve people’s lives – without emptying their wallets. But how can good design and function be combined with good quality, all at a low price? It starts with focusing on what’s important. Will an expensive finish on the back of a shelf or under a table-top improve the function? Of course not. So IKEA designers do not do it, because a product is of no use to the many people if it is not affordable. Low prices with meaning Low prices are only valuable if they offer good function, quality and design. IKEA product development teams constantly ask themselves – does this product contribute to a better everyday life? Does it have a good, sustainable design? Is the function and quality suited for everyday life? And most crucial – is the price low enough to make this product accessible to many, not just the few? Touch. Try. Explore. Dream! The IKEA store is our meeting place. It is where the IKEA product range comes to life. Visitors can compare styles and prices and get inspired by realistic room settings. They are welcome to sit, lie down, open and close drawers and cabinets, and pretend to cook, sleep or watch TV. The IKEA store is designed to meet many people looking for something for their homes. It’s also a place where you actually can go from inspiration to involvement by getting inspiration from solutions in the store, searching, finding and choosing the products needed, picking them up, buying them, bringing them home, putting them together and enjoying them the same day. All the IKEA products in the store are supported by price and product information that makes it easy for visitors to serve themselves. Customer involvement contributes to low prices. An invitation for the whole year With hundreds of pages of ideas, inspiration, solutions and products, the IKEA catalogue shows how the IKEA product range contributes to a better  everyday life. It is filled with solutions that answer people’s dreams and needs, it is also complemented with digital content that gives users a richer experience and provides more in-depth home furnishing knowledge. Still, it shows only part of what is offered in IKEA stores. Improve and develop the IKEA Concept The IKEA Concept is a living concept. We develop and improve it together with IKEA retailers and other contributors. Together we work to stay in the forefront of global trends and changes in retailing. We listen to the needs based on real-life shop floor experience to get better insight into what the many people need in order to improve their life at home. All this helps us to ensure that the IKEA Concept remains successful in an ever-changing world. We constantly monitor how the IKEA Concept is implemented in every market to ensure it is creating the maximum impact. Monitoring helps us to understand the different challenges facing IKEA. This could range from market conditions to cultural factors affecting shopping behavior. Through monitoring we can find ways to improve the IKEA Concept and how it meets the many people. IKEA retailers share their experiences, knowledge, innovation and ideas. This helps the IKEA Concept to be a living and dynamic concept that continuously develops and expands. The key is working together. Online know-how, Publications, Training programmes We offer an online resource for IKEA know-how that includes solutions, news, training programmes, publications and much more. We provide manuals and guidelines for all parts of the business and specific know-how areas. We also publish a magazine for IKEA retailers filled with tips, tools and proven solutions from all over the IKEA world. We offer a range of training programmes for many aspects of the business. Market research We conduct regular market research and provide IKEA retailers with reports and tools that help them improve their business. For example, we measure how well IKEA retailers have positioned the IKEA Brand in each market and how satisfied customers are with their latest store visit. We also conduct  research that helps find ways to improve the IKEA product range, the IKEA catalogue and the IKEA website. And we gather and analyze insight into macro-economic factors and the competitive situation. The IKEA Concept Center We believe in learning by doing. We operate the IKEA Concept Center in Delft, the Netherlands, where shopping, learning, testing and supporting all come together. The idea is to give IKEA retailers the chance to learn about the IKEA Concept and its recent updates and benefit from all the competence of specialists in a hands-on environment. For most visitors, the main attraction of the IKEA Concept Center is the IKEA store. Like all IKEA stores in the world it offers inspiring solutions, low prices, tasty food and shopping that is fun and enjoyable. The IKEA Concept Center is also home to specialists who, in co-operation with the IKEA retailers, find and identify good ideas and solutions. New solutions are developed, documented and analyzed from a conceptual viewpoint. We provide systematic transfer of IKEA know-how. And communicate proven solutions to all IKEA retailers, so that each and every one can benefit from these in their business. Together, we work to keep the IKEA Concept successful. We offer more than 50 different training programmes and workshops to IKEA managers and specialists at the IKEA College. In addition, many training programmes are offered locally or as elearning programs. Every year thousands of students are educated on how to use proven systems, methods and solutions to maximize the possibilities of the IKEA Concept. Testing Just as all IKEA products are tested to ensure quality and to find ways to improve, we are always interested in improving the living IKEA Concept. We test lots of new and innovative ideas at the IKEA Concept Center. These could be ideas suggested by IKEA retailers or ones that we come up with ourselves. When we find solutions that work well we make the part of the IKEA Concept and document and describe them so that all IKEA retailers benefit. 2013 was exciting for IKEA retailing In a tough climate IKEA retailing continued to grow and expand. Retail sales ended at EUR 29.2 billion for the full year. The business climate in Europe continued to be challenging for IKEA retailers, while we see improvements in North America, Asia Pacific and the Middle East. As many developed economies strive to balance economics and social well being, we see that uncertainties will continue to dictate the business climate for some time. This affects people’s lives and living conditions and therefore we believe that the IKEA Concept is more needed than ever. The IKEA Concept gives everyone the possibility to improve their life at home IKEA products are becoming more accessible. This is about offering a wide range of good home furnishing products at low prices. It is about providing more and better services. And it is about creating a positive shopping experience in IKEA stores and online. Nine new IKEA stores opened, two of which are in new markets: Lithuania and Qatar. The re are also continued You do your part. We do our part. Together we, save money. improvements in sustainability efforts in various aspects of the IKEA Concept. One example is that by 2016, all the lighting sold at IKEA stores will be LED. The IKEA product range aims to help the many people live a more sustainable life at home, with solutions to help save energy, water and reduce waste. Most things remain to be done The first IKEA business was founded in 1943 and the IKEA Brand celebrated 70 years during 2013. Today more than 150,000 co-workers are working through-out the IKEA world. We saw more than 770 million visits to the IKEA stores and 1.2 billion visits to IKEA websites in the past year. Still we are just at the beginning. IKEA retailing is small in most markets and does not exist in others. People’s needs for good home furnishing products at low prices are bigger than ever and the IKEA Concept will continue to contribute  to a better life at home for the many people. A July 2013 media report speculated that IKEA is the world’s largest consumer of wood after a finding that the company uses 1% of the Earth’s wood supply. As of January 2014, IKEA owns and operates 349 stores in 43 countries. The Balanced Scorecard Value proposition IKEA’s value proposition is operational excellence because all IKEA designers design every IKEA product starting with a functional need and a price. Then they use their creativity and knowledge and use low-cost raw materials and manufacturing processes to create functional products. Then large volumes are purchased to push prices down even further. Mission Statement IKEA’s mission is to create a better everyday life for the many people, by offering a wide range of well-designed, functional home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them. It’s about creating homes to love. Critical success factors Financial -grow and expand -increase sales -enhance customer value -improve cost structure Customer -brand positioning -low cost product solutions -real life experience stores -rich content catalogs Internal Business Processes -minimizing storage and transportation costs -quality testing -product development -market research reports Learning and Growth -culture of hearts – e-learning programmes, training programmes and workshops -sharing experience, ideas, innovations, knowledge and know-how -market research reports -IKEA college

Dental Clinic Database Essays

Dental Clinic Database Essays Dental Clinic Database Essay Dental Clinic Database Essay Our clinic was established on the year 1965 after taking the board exam. It was started with a modest dental chair and makes our living room as dental office. After several years of practice and after gaining the confidence of my patient the dental clinic expanded with two modern dental chairs. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objective of this working group was to assess and make specific recommendations to improve the quality of reporting of clinical research in implant dentistry and discuss ways to reach a consensus on choice of outcomes. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Many dental procedures are performed in the dental hygiene clinic. The highly skilled and professional staff performs services which include preventive treatment. Health History (including blood pressure screening), Oral Cancer Screening, Periodontal Assessment, Oral Hygiene Education, Necessary Radiographs (X-rays), Pain control (topical/local anesthetic), Oral Prophylaxis (scaling, root planting polishing if needed), Flouride Treatment, Cleaning of Dentures, Smoking Cessation Education, Study Models, Tooth Desensitization and Home Care Aids are included. Procedures are done by first and second year dental hygiene students under the supervision of dental hygiene faculty who are registered dental hygienists and licensed dentists. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Since the mid-1990s, the focus of studies on tooth wear has steadily shifted from the general condition towards the more specific area of dental erosion; equally, a shift has occurred from studies in adults to those in children and adolescents. During this time, understanding of the condition has increased greatly. This paper attempts to provide a critical overview of the development of this body of knowledge, from earlier perceptions to the present. It is accepted that dental erosion has a multifactorial background, in which individual and lifestyle factors have great significance. Notwithstanding methodological differences across studies, data from many countries confirm that dental erosion is common in children and young people, and that, when present, it progresses rapidly. That the condition, and its ramifications, warrants serious consideration in clinical dentistry, is clear. It is important for the oral healthcare team to be able to recognize its early signs and symptoms and to understand its pathogenesis. Preventive strategies are essential ingredients in the management of patients with dental erosion. When necessary, treatment aimed at correcting or improving its effects might best be of a minimally invasive nature. Still, there remains a need for further research to forge better understanding of the subject. SCOPE AND LIMITATION Modern orthognathic surgical procedures allow correction of bony disproportion in almost any part of the face, but are limited in the fine tuning of tooth position and occlusion. However, carefully planned combined surgical and orthodontic treatment can produce dental and skeletal results of a high standard. If a GDP is presented with a malocclusion beyond the scope of normal orthodontic treatment, then referral to an oral surgery/orthodontic clinic is indicated. This article provides an overview of what the team on such a clinic can achieve. ORGAZINATIONAL CHARTÂ  Of MAYOR DENTAL CLINIC Dr. REGINO C. MAYOR Dra. GLORIA C. MAYOR DENTIST DENTIST Dr. ROMULO Y. MAYOR Dra. ROSELLE C. MAYOR DENTIST DENTIST Dra. MEG RIVERA Dra. ODETTE MARCELO-MAYOR DENTIST DENTIST LYN RODRIGUEZ ASSISTANT CHAPTER I Company Background CHAPTER II DATABASE DESIGN (Tables and Fields) DATABASE DESIGN (Tables and Fields) SUMMARY At this point, you should have forms created that allow the user to enter/edit data for Dentist, Dental Assistants, Patients, Procedures and Appointments (including the details of the appointments such as the procedures performed). CONCLUSION As the overall health of the dental office relies on monies being received and distributed, it is necessary to understand proper protocol and procedures. All of the numerous financial records should be protected for the patients, employees, and employer(s) alike. It is important for the office to receive fees quickly and attribute monies to the proper patient accounts. When those tasks are performed efficiently, office bills and employee payroll can be distributed. These duties can be performed swiftly and professionally via the use of a computer and the corresponding dental software, but also by using traditional manual methods and specialized office forms. CHAPTER III SUMMARY FINDINGS TASK DISTRIBUTION Joselito Poblete * Documentation Creator * Designer Jonathan Martinez * Encoder * Layout Neil Dela Cruz * Researcher * Data Gatherer DOCUMENTATION PICTURES COMPANY PICTURES CHECK UP STATION OPERATION ROOM WAITING AREA

American conceptual images, psychedelic posters Research Paper

American conceptual images, psychedelic posters - Research Paper Example The speed at which problems associated with graphic design can be solved has been significantly enhanced by computers. It is evident that the adverse use of conceptual images and psychedelic arts has made the art world loose the originality it had before, during the era of original paintings. Even though, the emergence of these kinds of art has its cons, they have allowed for greater and profuse expression of arts than any other kinds. Conceptualization and psychedelics have allowed for image manipulation freedom. Conceptual images and psychedelic posters have taken art-world in America to a higher dimension. This research takes a deeper look at the changes, and details of these conceptual images and psychedelic posters. Conceptual images (examples) Psychedelic Posters (examples) Introduction Conceptual images essentially try to convey the concept or message of the image. Frequently, these messages are conveyed via some theoretical symbols that viewers can interpret. Even though the images contain precise meanings that they are trying to put across, usually there can be many different interpretations of the conceptual images. Conceptual art is the art in which the ideas or concepts that are involved in the work take priority over material concerns and traditional aesthetic. Conceptual design is mainly concerned with the context and content of the image. This kind of art tends to incorporate the design of the layout, text and image, with the content being the element with most significance. That is how conceptual images come about, when all the above are being considered in arts (Seminaldesign.com). Psychedelic art, on the other hand, is a category of visual artwork that is inspired by psychedelic experiences stimulated by drugs. The word psychedelic means that which manifests the mind. Considering this definition, every artistic attempt to portray the inner world of the psyche might be regarded as psychedelic. Psychedelic visual arts were a complement to psyche delic rock music. Psychedelic posters tend to bring sentiments that are inspired by insights drawn from these psychedelic conditions of consciousness. Psychedelic posters are posters that have been drawn from the altered consciousness experience that makes use of highly surreal, bizarre and distorted visuals, and animations and bright colors to convey and evoke to a viewer the experience of the artist while using such a drug. (Megg chapter22) American conceptual images and psychedelic posters French artist Duchamp provided the art world with examples of prototypically conceptual works, thus paving the way for conceptualists. Conceptual images in America have been met with a lot of critics, that it makes paintings and artistry loose their touch of reality. The task of painting has always been to provide an accurate definition of the nature of object a painting truly is. This idea of conceptual images has been found to be inappropriate to painting’s essence, and it is argued th at it ought to be removed. It has been argued by others that conceptual art has brought about art’s dematerialization by omitting the requirement of objects all together. When it comes to conceptual art, the skills used in handing art works is not the same as those that are used in traditional art-making forms such as painting. Psychedelic drugs usage became prevalent, particularly in America, in the mid-1960s. This movement is attributed to a man called Hollingshead, who arrived in America in the year 1965. Hollingshead was sent by other psychedelic movement members to the United States to have their ideas explored. Popular cultures made psychedelic popular in

Health Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Health Psychology - Essay Example through the use of a certain medium. Communication may be done in a conscious or in a subconscious level and either intentionally or unintentionally. This process requires a vast range of skills such as speaking, observing, questioning, analyzing, and evaluating (Barnlund, 1968). Several models have been made regarding communication. One of these models is the Shannon and Weaver’s model or the Transmission Model of Communication. The following flowchart shows the basic premise of the model and its flow of communication. The information source produces the message and is then encoded into signals for message transmission. The channel is the media through which the message is sent. Through the process of message sending, some noise is present causing the message to be seen differently by the receiver. The receiver decodes the message sent and once it is decoded, it is deemed as having arrived to its final destination (Shannon & Weaver, 1949). In this model, the source or the one who delivers the message encodes the message via a channel which the receiver decodes. This model simply shows that the source communicates about the topic he/she is knowledgeable and his/her message is formed with a specific content, elements, treatment, structure and code. All these are delivered via a channel, which is comprised of the receiver’s sense and are decoded by the receiver (Berlo, 1960). All models of communication try to explain the basic flow and process of communication. In all models of communication, it shows that communicating is a two way process wherein both the sender and the receiver takes part. A physician’s communication skills play a great role in a patient-physician relationship. In fact, good communication has always been important in medical practice and is the keystone for patient-physician relationships. Communication is the main means for physicians to interact with their patients. Certain traits of communication allow trust

High Employee Turnover Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

High Employee Turnover - Essay Example These expenses are especially felt for lower paying jobs which turn out to be jobs that have a high employee turnover. Some of the expenses involved include advertising for the past, payments being done to the leaving employee, interviews for candidates and subsequent training. This is, in addition to, lose of productivity during that period the employee leaves and replacement with another employee. This paper explores employee retention as a measure of decreasing high turnover by focusing on the methods of assessment and selection, individual and organizational learning, and organizational transformation to find a resolution to the crisis. Methods of assessment and selection According to Carsen (2005, 2) employee retention starts with the application process which precedes recruitment. The applicants start by looking at the agency, and this is followed closely by the initial impressions of the employee during the orientation process, in addition to the subsequent assignments, the em ployee is given, performance ratings, any awards or promotions and off course the overall working conditions. All the above play a role in determining whether an employee decides to leave or stay during that short period. Therefore, the pre-employment assessment forms part of the solution to this trouble of high employee turnover as well as improving employee performance. It is essential that the employer objectively defines and quantifies the behavioral DNA that compels success on the job. This is to mean that the employer has to match the candidates who come for interview against a traditional performance profile for each of the positions that are to be filled in the company. This can be done by correlating the behavioral DNA of the present employees in a company against their performance data to determine the performance profile of the individual. This profile, thus, captures the behavioral and cognitive attributes that are unique to a certain position, and, thus, used to separat e the productivity leaders who will be capable of transcending the other employees. Subjective competencies are deemed an unsuccessful way of coming up with required traits of a particular position, therefore, a flawed way of filing vacant positions in any organization. This is because of absence of tangible correlation between the subjective competencies and the actual success of persons in that position (Carsen, 2005, 33). It is, thus, important that employers use objective competencies to measure the actual behavioral and cognitive traits required for the success of a certain individual in the given position. This means this benchmark of success should be leveraged so that it forms the objective model for the employer in evaluating candidates for specific positions. Therefore, it is important that the assessment strategies be developed having in mind the clear understanding of the knowledge, skills, abilities and characteristics that have to be measured for qualification to a par ticular position (Ongori, 2007, 50). The managers should also ensure that the method of evaluation being used in the process can be connective to, and effectively appraise the requirement being assessed. After a careful assessment of the applicants, hiring should be done on recommendation basis, which falls into four categories. These are recommended which is taken as the strongest match as compared to the others which are 'recommended

Strategic Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Strategic Management - Research Paper Example Thus, according to Balanced Scorecard Institute (2014), strategic planning refers to the organizational management activities which set priorities, focus resources and energy and ensure that stakeholders work towards attaining the organizational goals. On the other hand, strategic management is described as a comprehensive set of continuous activities and processes which an organization uses for systematic coordination and alignment of resources and actions to the vision, mission and values of the organization. Thus, planning typically describes a time-bound practice while strategic management is an ongoing engagement. Furthermore, the institute observes that strategic management would be used to define the procedures, policies and themes of an organization as opposed to planning which entails the organization of how resources would be allocated to various business operations so as to achieve its objectives. Thus, strategic management is different from planning. Evaluating the process of strategic management gives further insights into how better to define strategic management. Thus, Dess, Lumpkin and Taylor (2005) define it as both an art and science of formulation, implementation, and evaluation of functional decisions that make an organization achieve its objectives. With this regard, Clayton (n.d.) gives the 5-step strategic management process in organizations. Goal setting involves clarifying the organizational vision eventually leading to the development of a mission statement which succinctly communicates goals to employees and shareholders. The second stage is analysis where the organization gathers relevant information and data for accomplishing the vision. It involves conducting the SWOT (strengthens, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis of the organization. This would then be followed by strategic formulation which involves the determination of strategy, reflecting upon and making decisions to design plans and strategi es to address the

Sociological perspectives on deviance

Sociological perspectives on deviance The term deviance is used by sociologists to refer to behaviour which changes, in some way, from a social norm. In this respect, it is clear that the idea of deviance refers to a violation of social norms and refers to rule breaking behaviour. Deviance refers to those actions which go against the norms, values and beliefs of ordinary culture. For example, drinking alcohol at the age of 16. In relation to deviance, the idea relates to all kinds of rule-breaking which involves such things as murder, theft, rape or wearing unsuitable clothing for a given social situation. Many sociologists have given their own definition of deviance. Some sociologist conceive of deviance as a collection of conditions, persons or acts that society disvalue (Sagarin, 1975, 9) There are various perspectives in Sociology such as the functionalist theories and Karl Marxist theories which asks different questions and focuses on different issues regarding deviance. In order to answer the question above it is n ecessary to outline and discuss the sociological perspectives on deviance. I will be discussing the main perspectives of deviance throughout sociology. Functionalism is defined as a Framework that conceptualises society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability (Macionis and Plummer, 1997. p. 19-20).Functionalism has grown through the work of many sociologists including Durkheim and later on by Brown and Merton, The works of these sociologists was based on a biological scientific model called organic system-comparison of social operations to that of a living organism (Giddens, 2001.16) Functionalist theorists, including Durkheim, state crime as having a social role. Others, including Merton, state the strain between socialized aims and reality as the true cause of crime. Functionalist Emile Durkheim believed that societies are held together by shared values and economic dependence. He thinks that society would crumple if principles are not passed from one generation to another. A vital function of society is the preservation of its values, which is done through education and religion. The concept of anomie was introduced by Emile Durkheim which suggested that In modern societies, traditional norms and standards become undermined without being replaced by new ones. (Giddens, 2009, 941). This is the breakdown of society, and will lead to social disorder, deviance and violence. Durkheim also argues that deviance is useful and necessary in society. It helps to strengthen the consensus of values, norms and behaviour of the majority non-deviant population, through the idea of anger at crime which reinforces social solidarity. Other theorists, including Erikson who argues that influential groups within any society are able to impose their views upon the maj ority by a process of ideological manipulation. The excitement generated by the crime quickens the tempo of interaction in a group and creates a climate in which the private sentiments of many people are fused into a common sense of morality.(Bean, 2003, 24). However, Robert Merton criticised Durkheims idea of anomie as being unclear. Merton argued that anomie is a state where the socially approved goals of society are not available to a significant amount of the population if they followed socially approved means of obtaining these goals. According to Merton, people turned to deviance in this state because there is anxiety between what people have socialised to want and what they are able to achieve through legitimate means. Robert Merton, who also accepted the view of functionalists who believed that society, must have certain features to survive. He argues that both goals and constraints on behaviour are socially based, and that desires are socially copied, from socialisation, into cultural goals such as work-related status or financial achievement. Mertons theory on deviance, which is known as the Strain Theory, is a development of Durkheims ideas of anomie and culture. Anomie, in Mertons perspective, can occur when people are not capable to follow the main norms within a society.Some individuals adapt by becoming ritualises, conforming to society norms without any expectations of achieving them. (Clinard, 2001, 5) Merton argues that individuals are socialized into wanting success, wealth, status and power. When they are unable to achieve this, it results in a strain between what we want, and what we can get. One possible response to the strain theory is deviance through innovation (deviant and crimin al behaviour resulting to crime), retreatism (backing out of socially desirable behaviour, for example, alcoholics, drug addicts), Ritualism (ignoring goals of society) and rebellion (rejection of goals and means, but an attempt to replace them with alternative values). Mertons analysis on deviance suggests that deviant behaviour is efficient. First, for the people involved, it allows them to adjust to the situation in which they find themselves in. Merton sees these responses as useful to the society as they help to release the anxiety, therefore maintain the social system stability. However, Merton was criticised by Valier, amongst others, for his importance on the continuation of a common goal in society. Valier argues that there are a range of goals that people struggle to attain at any one time Feminist approach have also criticised functionalism for not explain on conflict, also not considering it to be an integral part of the social world (Dominelli, 1997. p.17). Feminist also argues that this supports and explains structures which have a tendency to be male dominated and in so ignoring the past and women contributions to the society. In conclusion, it can be argued that Functionalist theories do certainly go a long distance in justifying the reasons for Deviance. However, it is overly deterministic in the view of society and the way in which it shapes and forms human behaviour. However, it should argued that Functionalist theories are useful in explaining and deviance, In terms of civil theories or triangulation and procedural pluralism to stable out the problems and challenges linked with Functionalist theory. Sub cultural theories on deviance were developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s from the Albert Cohen and Richard Cloward. They stressed that people respond to forces which are outside to them. This therefore leads them to behave in different ways. Their behaviour is explained by social causes. Sub cultural theorists have tried to seek the causes of these differences. Subculture theories claim to have recognized break downs in the social order. These break downs are seen to be rectifiable by dissimilar types of social engineering e.g. Social reform, social welfare and education. According to interactionist theories of deviance, they make fundamental ideas of deviance in terms of there being no such as deviant act. They place firm importance on reaction. Interactionist put forward useful idea such as labelling, self-fulfilling prophecy, and mortification and primary and secondary deviance. They are significant of the functionalist and subculture theories of deviance. Interactionists argue that human action is original. Humans create roles in relation to and adjustment to others. American Sociologist Edwin Lemert, argues that public reaction is a cause of deviance. Lemert starts by explaining between primary and secondary deviance. Primary deviance is deviance before it is openly labelled; it has a number of likely causes and is not worth looking at given that the samples are unfair and it has no impact on the individual, therefore it does not strain status or activities. The general factor among deviants, argues Lemert, is the process of labelling. The public response to the deviant leads to secondary deviance, the response of the deviant to public labelling. Lemert claims that secondary deviance should be the focal point of study because of its result on the individual. The vital idea is that societal reaction can in fact cause deviant behaviour. The Labelling theorists are another approach in sociology which views the point of seeing deviance from the view of the deviant individual. They claim that when a person becomes known as a deviant, and is expected to have deviant behaviour, it is to do with the way they have been labelled, as the deviant act they are said to have committed. The labelling theory realises that certain acts labelled as deviant are more than likely to be carried out by certain types of people. If society labels a person as a criminal or as deviant there is much evidence that this label sticks with the person to the extent that he believes that they are deviant. So to satisfy society they carry out the role of a deviant to the degree that they are fitting in with what they observe is their role in life or in the society. This makes a great impact on their life, as they need someone to help them to see that they are not deviant or a criminal. If a person becomes a criminal then society need to recognise this and help the person to overcome this, by offering support or counselling to make it aware to the person that this behaviour is not acceptable and if they continue it will lead to them not achieving. However the main criticism of labelling theory is that it is deterministic, and that it makes the person as if they were not human, which then leads to certain behaviour by the act of labels being given to it, and following behaviour patterns as a result of behaviour patterns that go with it.. The Marxist approach has been one of the most vital approaches in explaining deviant behaviour. They mostly base their ideas and theories on how the powerful people control the society which influences how the society works today. The definition of deviance from a Marxist perspective is a conflict between powerful and less powerful groups. Definitions of deviance then emerge from class conflicts between powerful groups and less powerful groups. (Clinard, 2002, 118) Marxists believes that working class males of a younger age commit most crime mainly due to the media which emphasize ideas of greed into people. Therefore, results in a materialistic capitalist system that may force working people of a lower class to commit crime as they have a lower income and may not be able to afford certain equipment such as clothes like the rest of the society. Marxism criticizes a capitalist society where by the productions are owned by the ruling class and the lower class. The bourgeoisie are the ruling class, whilst the proletariats are seen as the lower class. The bourgeoisie act as a societies ruling class. The proletariats, on the other hand, fill the ranks of the ruled end of society. (Clinard and Meier, 2008, 77) The idea of deviance came when Marx attempted to look for something in the world that caused conflicts. He found it in the idea of class struggle. Throughout the past, we have fought against each other for the control of food, shelter, money. Marxists mainly focus on the class distribution and empathises that the ruling class control the norms and values of the society. Therefore, it will not be classed as deviant unless the bourgeoisie say so. The bourgeoisie will only class deviant unless it is committed by a working class person. However, the Marxist approach in terms of explaining deviant behaviour is only consistent to some degree. Along with the challenges from other perspectives, it shows that improvements can be added to their ideas. Marxists mostly focuses on the class distribution and argue that they the ruling class manage the norms and values of the society. It will not be classed as deviant if the bourgeoisie say so and they will not say so if a working class person commits it. Finally In conclusion to sociological perspectives of deviance, they all give an account of some explanation to deviance and give their point of view. However, it varies depending on the various approaches. For an act to be thought to as deviance it varies from place to place and from time to time